Picciotto Marina R, Lewis Alan S, van Schalkwyk Gerrit I, Mineur Yann S
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06508, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06508, USA.
Neuropharmacology. 2015 Sep;96(Pt B):235-43. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.12.028. Epub 2015 Jan 9.
The co-morbidity between smoking and mood disorders is striking. Preclinical and clinical studies of nicotinic effects on mood, anxiety, aggression, and related behaviors, such as irritability and agitation, suggest that smokers may use the nicotine in tobacco products as an attempt to self-medicate symptoms of affective disorders. The role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in circuits regulating mood and anxiety is beginning to be elucidated in animal models, but the mechanisms underlying the effects of nicotine on aggression-related behavioral states (ARBS) are still not understood. Clinical trials of nicotine or nicotinic medications for neurological and psychiatric disorders have often found effects of nicotinic medications on ARBS, but few trials have studied these outcomes systematically. Similarly, the increase in ARBS resulting from smoking cessation can be resolved by nicotinic agents, but the effects of nicotinic medications on these types of mental states and behaviors in non-smokers are less well understood. Here we review the literature on the role of nAChRs in regulating mood and anxiety, and subsequently on the closely related construct of ARBS. We suggest avenues for future study to identify how nAChRs and nicotinic agents may play a role in these clinically important areas. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: From Molecular Biology to Cognition'.
吸烟与情绪障碍之间的共病现象十分显著。关于尼古丁对情绪、焦虑、攻击性以及相关行为（如易怒和烦躁）影响的临床前和临床研究表明，吸烟者可能会利用烟草制品中的尼古丁来自我缓解情感障碍症状。在动物模型中，烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（nAChRs）在调节情绪和焦虑的神经回路中的作用正逐渐得到阐明，但尼古丁对攻击相关行为状态（ARBS）影响的潜在机制仍不清楚。针对神经和精神疾病的尼古丁或烟碱类药物临床试验经常发现烟碱类药物对ARBS有影响，但很少有试验系统地研究这些结果。同样，戒烟导致的ARBS增加可以通过烟碱类药物得到缓解，但烟碱类药物对非吸烟者这类精神状态和行为的影响了解较少。在此，我们综述了关于nAChRs在调节情绪和焦虑以及随后在密切相关的ARBS结构方面作用的文献。我们提出了未来研究的方向，以确定nAChRs和烟碱类药物如何在这些临床上重要的领域发挥作用。本文是名为“烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体：从分子生物学到认知”特刊的一部分。
