van Beurden Steven J, IJsseldijk Lonneke L, Cremers Herman J W M, Gröne Andrea, Verheije M Hélène, Begeman Lineke
Pathology Division, Department of Pathobiology, and Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Dis Aquat Organ. 2015 Jan 15;112(3):257-63. doi: 10.3354/dao02818.
Cetaceans are well known definitive hosts of parasitic nematodes of the genus Anisakis (Nematoda: Anisakidae). Anisakid nematodes are also a health hazard for humans, potentially causing gastrointestinal infections or allergic reactions following the consumption of infected fish. In marine mammals, the nematodes develop from third-stage larvae to adults in the stomachs. In the first (or fore-) stomach, these parasites are typically associated with mucosal ulceration; parasites have not been identified in other organs. Two small cetaceans, a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus and a harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena, presented marked gastric A. simplex infection, as well as chronic granulomatous and ulcerative dermatitis with intralesional nematodes, bordered by epithelial hyperplasia. Nematodes in the skin of the bottlenose dolphin were morphologically similar to Anisakis spp. Morphology of the parasitic remnants in the skin lesion of the harbour porpoise was indistinct, but molecular identification confirmed the presence of A. simplex. This is the first report of Anisakis spp. infection in the skin of marine mammals.
鲸类是异尖线虫属（线虫纲：异尖科）寄生线虫的已知终末宿主。异尖线虫对人类也有健康危害，食用受感染的鱼类后可能导致胃肠道感染或过敏反应。在海洋哺乳动物中，线虫在胃中从第三期幼虫发育为成虫。在第一个（或前）胃中，这些寄生虫通常与黏膜溃疡有关；尚未在其他器官中发现寄生虫。两只小型鲸类动物，一只宽吻海豚瓶鼻海豚和一只港湾鼠海豚，出现了明显的胃单异尖线虫感染，以及伴有病灶内线虫的慢性肉芽肿性和溃疡性皮炎，周围有上皮增生。宽吻海豚皮肤中的线虫在形态上与异尖线虫属相似。港湾鼠海豚皮肤病变中寄生残留物的形态不清晰，但分子鉴定证实存在单异尖线虫。这是海洋哺乳动物皮肤中异尖线虫属感染的首次报告。
