Spanoudis George, Demetriou Andreas, Kazi Smargada, Giorgala Katerina, Zenonos Valentina
University of Cyprus, 1678 Nocosia, Cyprus.
University of Nicosia, 1700 Nicosia, Cyprus.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2015 Apr;132:32-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2014.12.003. Epub 2015 Jan 12.
This study examined whether cognizance of cognitive processes (i.e., awareness of the perceptual and inferential origins of knowledge) mediates between basic processing efficiency functions (i.e., processing speed, attention control, and working memory) and fluid cognition (e.g., performance on Raven-like matrices) during development. For this aim, children from 4 to 8 years of age were examined by various measures addressed to each of these processes. All processes developed systematically throughout this age period. Structural equation modeling showed that awareness does have this mediating role, that this mediation is phase specific based on perceptual awareness and theory of mind during the 5- and 6-year phase and on inferential awareness during the 7- and 8-year phase, and that it builds up within each developmental cycle. Attention control emerges from, rather than directs, working memory and largely remains beyond awareness through the age span studied. Implications for theory of intellectual development are discussed.
本研究探讨了在发育过程中，对认知过程的认识（即对知识的感知和推理起源的意识）是否在基本加工效率功能（即加工速度、注意力控制和工作记忆）与流体认知（如瑞文推理测验矩阵的表现）之间起中介作用。为实现这一目标，对4至8岁的儿童进行了针对上述每个过程的各种测量。在这个年龄阶段，所有过程都有系统地发展。结构方程模型表明，意识确实具有这种中介作用，这种中介作用在5至6岁阶段基于感知意识和心理理论，在7至8岁阶段基于推理意识，具有阶段特异性，并且在每个发育周期内逐步形成。注意力控制源于工作记忆而非指导工作记忆，并且在整个研究的年龄跨度内很大程度上仍处于意识之外。文中还讨论了对智力发展理论的启示。
