Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Science. 2015 Jan 16;347(6219):1255641. doi: 10.1126/science.1255641.
Marine defaunation, or human-caused animal loss in the oceans, emerged forcefully only hundreds of years ago, whereas terrestrial defaunation has been occurring far longer. Though humans have caused few global marine extinctions, we have profoundly affected marine wildlife, altering the functioning and provisioning of services in every ocean. Current ocean trends, coupled with terrestrial defaunation lessons, suggest that marine defaunation rates will rapidly intensify as human use of the oceans industrializes. Though protected areas are a powerful tool to harness ocean productivity, especially when designed with future climate in mind, additional management strategies will be required. Overall, habitat degradation is likely to intensify as a major driver of marine wildlife loss. Proactive intervention can avert a marine defaunation disaster of the magnitude observed on land.
海洋动物灭绝，即人类导致的海洋动物损失，仅在几百年前才强烈显现，而陆地动物灭绝的现象已持续了更长时间。虽然人类很少导致海洋物种灭绝，但我们已经深刻地影响了海洋野生动物，改变了每一个海洋的功能和服务供应。当前的海洋趋势，加上陆地动物灭绝的经验教训，表明随着人类对海洋的工业化利用，海洋动物灭绝的速度将迅速加剧。虽然保护区是利用海洋生产力的有力工具，特别是当考虑到未来的气候进行设计时，但还需要额外的管理策略。总的来说，栖息地退化很可能会加剧，成为海洋野生动物丧失的主要驱动因素。积极的干预可以避免海洋动物灭绝的灾难，这种灾难的规模与陆地上观察到的情况相当。
