Tedbury Philip R, Freed Eric O
Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2015;129:253-84. doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.10.009. Epub 2014 Dec 1.
Retroviruses comprise a large, diverse group that infects a broad range of host organisms. Pathogenicity varies widely; the human immunodeficiency virus is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, one of the world's leading infectious causes of death, while many nonhuman retroviruses cause cancer in the host. Retroviruses have been studied intensively, and great strides have been made in understanding aspects of retroviral biology. While the principal functions of the viral structural proteins are well understood, there remain many incompletely characterized domains. One of these is the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of the envelope glycoprotein. Several functions of the CT are highly conserved, whereas other properties are unique to a specific retrovirus. For example, the lentiviruses encode envelope glycoproteins with particularly large cytoplasmic domains. The functions of the long lentiviral envelope CT are still being deciphered. The reported functions of retroviral envelope CTs are discussed in this chapter.
逆转录病毒是一个庞大且多样的病毒群体，可感染广泛的宿主生物。其致病性差异很大；人类免疫缺陷病毒是获得性免疫缺陷综合征的病原体，是全球主要的感染性致死原因之一，而许多非人类逆转录病毒会在宿主体内引发癌症。人们对逆转录病毒进行了深入研究，在理解逆转录病毒生物学方面取得了巨大进展。虽然病毒结构蛋白的主要功能已得到充分了解，但仍有许多结构域的特征尚未完全明确。其中之一是包膜糖蛋白的胞质尾（CT）。CT的几种功能高度保守，而其他特性则是特定逆转录病毒所特有的。例如，慢病毒编码的包膜糖蛋白具有特别大的胞质结构域。慢病毒包膜长CT的功能仍在研究之中。本章将讨论逆转录病毒包膜CT的已报道功能。
