Christian Hayley E, Klinker Charlotte D, Villanueva Karen, Knuiman Matthew W, Foster Sarah A, Zubrick Stephan R, Divitini Mark, Wood Lisa, Giles-Corti Billie
Centre for the Built Environment and Health, School of Population Health, and Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
J Phys Act Health. 2015 Jun 16;12 Suppl 1:S84-93. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2014-0271.
Relationships between context-specific measures of the physical and social environment and children's independent mobility to neighborhood destination types were examined.
Parents in RESIDE's fourth survey reported whether their child (8-15 years; n = 181) was allowed to travel without an adult to school, friend's house, park and local shop. Objective physical environment measures were matched to each of these destinations. Social environment measures included neighborhood perceptions and items specific to local independent mobility.
Independent mobility to local destinations ranged from 30% to 48%. Independent mobility to a local park was less likely as the distance to the closest park (small and large size) increased and less likely with additional school grounds (P < .05). Independent mobility to school was less likely as the distance to the closest large park increased and if the neighborhood was perceived as unsafe (P < .05). Independent mobility to a park or shops decreased if parenting social norms were unsupportive of children's local independent movement (P < .05).
Independent mobility appears dependent upon the specific destination being visited and the impact of neighborhood features varies according to the destination examined. Findings highlight the importance of access to different types and sizes of urban green space for children's independent mobility to parks.
研究了特定环境下身体和社会环境的测量指标与儿童前往邻里不同目的地类型的独立出行之间的关系。
居住环境调查（RESIDE）第四次调查中的家长报告他们的孩子（8至15岁；n = 181）是否被允许在没有成人陪同的情况下前往学校、朋友家、公园和当地商店。客观的身体环境测量指标与每个目的地相匹配。社会环境测量指标包括邻里认知以及与当地独立出行相关的特定项目。
前往当地目的地的独立出行比例在30%至48%之间。随着到最近公园（无论大小）的距离增加以及学校场地增多，前往当地公园的独立出行可能性降低（P <.05）。随着到最近大型公园的距离增加以及邻里被认为不安全，前往学校的独立出行可能性降低（P <.05）。如果育儿社会规范不支持儿童在当地的独立出行，前往公园或商店的独立出行可能性降低（P <.05）。
独立出行似乎取决于所前往的特定目的地，并且邻里特征的影响因所考察的目的地而异。研究结果凸显了不同类型和规模的城市绿地对儿童前往公园独立出行的重要性。
