Bennetts Shannon K, Cooklin Amanda R, Crawford Sharinne, D'Esposito Fabrizio, Hackworth Naomi J, Green Julie, Matthews Jan, Strazdins Lyndall, Zubrick Stephen R, Nicholson Jan M
1 Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
2 Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
Am J Health Promot. 2018 Mar;32(3):667-676. doi: 10.1177/0890117117740442. Epub 2017 Nov 22.
To identify factors associated with generalized and stranger-specific parental fear (PF) about children's independent mobility (CIM), a critical aspect of physical activity.
Cross-sectional survey; random sampling frame, minimum quotas of fathers, rural residents.
State of Victoria, Australia.
Parents of children aged 9 to 15 years (n = 1779), 71% response rate.
Validated measures of PF and fear of strangers (FoS); parent, child, social, and environmental factors.
Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression stratified by child age (9-10; 11-13; 14-15).
Adjusted models explained a substantial proportion of variance across all age groups (PF: 33.6%-36.7%; FoS: 39.1%-44.0%). Perceived disapproval from others was consistently associated with both outcomes (PF: β =.11 to 23, p ≤ .05; FoS: β =.17-.21, p ≤ .001) as was parents' perception of children's competence to travel safely (PF: β = -.24 to -.11, p ≤ .05; FoS: β = -.16 to -.13, p ≤ .01). Factors associated with FoS included having a female child (β = -.21 to -.13, p ≤ .001), language other than English (β = .09 to.11, p ≤ .01), and low levels of parent education (β = -.14 to -08, p ≤ .05).
The current study suggests that social norms, child competence, and perceptions about the benefits of CIM underpin PF. This evidence informs the development of interventions to reduce PF and promote CIM and children's physical activity.
确定与父母对儿童独立出行（这是身体活动的一个关键方面）的普遍恐惧及特定陌生人恐惧相关的因素。
横断面调查；随机抽样框架，设定父亲、农村居民的最低配额。
澳大利亚维多利亚州。
9至15岁儿童的父母（n = 1779），应答率为71%。
经过验证的父母恐惧及陌生人恐惧测量指标；父母、儿童、社会和环境因素。
按儿童年龄（9 - 10岁；11 - 13岁；14 - 15岁）进行未调整和调整后的线性回归分析。
调整后的模型在所有年龄组中解释了相当比例的方差（父母恐惧：33.6% - 36.7%；陌生人恐惧：39.1% - 44.0%）。他人的反对意见始终与这两种结果相关（父母恐惧：β = 0.11至0.23，p≤0.05；陌生人恐惧：β = 0.17 - 0.21，p≤0.001），父母对孩子安全出行能力的认知也是如此（父母恐惧：β = -0.24至 -0.11，p≤0.05；陌生人恐惧：β = -0.16至 -0.13，p≤0.01）。与陌生人恐惧相关的因素包括有一个女孩（β = -0.21至 -0.13，p≤0.001）、非英语语言（β = 0.09至0.11，p≤0.01）以及父母教育水平低（β = -0.14至 -0.08，p≤0.05）。
当前研究表明，社会规范、儿童能力以及对儿童独立出行益处的认知是父母恐惧的基础。这一证据为制定减少父母恐惧、促进儿童独立出行及身体活动的干预措施提供了依据。
