Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University Hospital, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
Environ Res. 2015 Feb;137:292-8. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.01.004. Epub 2015 Jan 16.
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are compounds used for pest control at home or in agriculture activities. Almost all OP pesticides are metabolized to at least one of six possible dialkylphosphates (DAPs). Despite wide use, their potential effects on human reproductive health have not yet been fully characterized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between urinary concentrations of six DAP metabolites and reproductive parameters in men. All men were attended an infertility clinic and provided urine, serum and semen samples on the same day. Six DAP metabolites were measured in urine (dimethylphosphate [DMP], dimethylthiophosphate [DMTP], dimethyldithiophosphate [DMDTP], diethylphosphate [DEP], diethylthiophosphate [DETP], and diethyldithiophosphate [DEDTP]). Sperm quality was assessed by measuring volume, concentration, total sperm count (TSC), motility and morphology, and serum samples were analyzed for reproductive hormones, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, prolactin and estradiol. Pearson correlations were used for unadjusted analyses, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed controlling for appropriate covariates. All men presented detectable concentrations of at least one urinary OP metabolite. After adjustment by important covariates, there was a significant positive association between DEDTP concentrations and LH [(β)=11.4; 95% CI 0.81-22.1] as well as FSH levels [(β)=3.2; 95% CI 0.08-6.2]. Sperm concentration and TSC were both significantly inversely associated with DMP, DMDP, DMDTP and ∑DAP in multivariate analysis. Besides, there was a significant inverse association between percentage of motile sperm and DMTP, DMDTP and DEP metabolite concentrations. Our results suggest that exposure to OP pesticides may be associated with decreased sperm counts and motility and altered reproductive hormone levels in male partners of couples seeking for infertility treatment. However, further studies are warranted to confirm and extent these findings.
有机磷 (OP) 农药是用于家庭害虫防治或农业活动的化合物。几乎所有 OP 农药都至少代谢为六种可能的二烷基磷酸酯 (DAP) 之一。尽管用途广泛，但它们对人类生殖健康的潜在影响尚未得到充分描述。本研究旨在评估六种 DAP 代谢物在尿液中的浓度与男性生殖参数之间的关联。所有男性都在不孕不育诊所就诊，并在同一天提供尿液、血清和精液样本。在尿液中测量了六种 DAP 代谢物 (磷酸二甲酯 [DMP]、磷酸二甲硫酯 [DMTP]、磷酸二甲基二硫酯 [DMDTP]、磷酸二乙酯 [DEP]、磷酸二乙基硫酯 [DETP] 和磷酸二乙基二硫酯 [DEDTP])。通过测量体积、浓度、总精子计数 (TSC)、活力和形态来评估精子质量，并分析血清样本中的生殖激素，包括卵泡刺激素 (FSH)、黄体生成素 (LH)、睾酮、催乳素和雌二醇。使用 Pearson 相关系数进行未经调整的分析，并进行了多元线性回归分析，以控制适当的协变量。所有男性的尿液中均检测到至少一种 OP 代谢物。在调整重要协变量后，DEDTP 浓度与 LH 呈显著正相关 [(β)=11.4；95%CI 0.81-22.1]，与 FSH 水平呈显著正相关 [(β)=3.2；95%CI 0.08-6.2]。在多变量分析中，精子浓度和 TSC 均与 DMP、DMDP、DMDTP 和∑DAP 呈显著负相关。此外，在多变量分析中，运动精子的百分比与 DMTP、DMDTP 和 DEP 代谢物浓度呈显著负相关。我们的研究结果表明，接触 OP 农药可能与男性不育治疗夫妇中男性伴侣的精子计数和活力降低以及生殖激素水平改变有关。然而，需要进一步的研究来证实和扩展这些发现。
