Department of Medicine, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland *Drs Carthage Moran and Donal Sheehan contributed equally to the writing of this article.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2015 Mar;31(2):130-6. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000157.
Although many studies of the microbiota have been specific to the colonic or faecal microbiota, several studies are relevant to or directly address the small bowel microbiota in health and disease. A selection of recent landmark findings is addressed here.
The complexity of host-microbe interactions is confirmed by unfolding evidence for signalling networks including microbe-macrophage-neuronal communication and several examples of diet-microbe-host metabolic exchanges. The contribution of the microbiota to several disorders, including celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease, is increasingly evident and the importance of drug-bug interactions has been clarified.
Despite difficulty accessing the small bowel microbiota, there is growing evidence for its role in development, homeostasis and a diversity of diseases.
尽管许多关于微生物组的研究都是针对结肠或粪便微生物组的，但有一些研究与健康和疾病中小肠微生物组相关，或直接针对小肠微生物组。本文主要讨论了最近一些具有里程碑意义的发现。
越来越多的证据表明，宿主-微生物的相互作用是复杂的，包括微生物-巨噬细胞-神经元的信号网络，以及一些饮食-微生物-宿主代谢交换的例子。微生物组对包括乳糜泻和炎症性肠病在内的多种疾病的贡献越来越明显，药物-细菌相互作用的重要性也得到了阐明。
尽管难以获取小肠微生物组，但越来越多的证据表明其在发育、稳态和多种疾病中发挥作用。
