Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015 Jan 20;56(2):1014-22. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-15061.
Silicone oil (SO) has been used as a long-term intraocular tamponade in treating retinal diseases for more than half a decade. However, its propensity to form tiny SO droplets is associated with a number of complications. Currently there is no effective way to remove such droplets from the eye cavity. In this work, a novel cleaner was developed for effective removal of these droplets.
The cleaner promotes the formation of an oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) double-emulsion that consists of the unwanted droplets as the innermost oil phase. The cleaner's ability to encapsulate SO droplets was tested using both in vitro microdevices and ex vivo porcine eye models. The efficiency of the cleaner in removing the SO droplets was quantified using the three-dimensional (3D) printed eye model. Both the volatility and in vitro cytotoxicity of the cleaner were evaluated on three retinal cell lines.
Cleaner 1.0 is volatile and has an evaporation rate of 0.14 mL/h at room temperature. The formation of O/W/O double-emulsion indicates the encapsulation of SO droplets by the cleaner. In the 3D printed eye model, rinsing with cleaner 1.0 led to a significant reduction of leftover SO droplets compared with 1× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; P < 0.05; n = 6). Cleaner 1.0 did not cause significant cell death (3%-6%) compared with balance salt solution (BSS; 1%-3%) in all three cell lines. The reduction in the cell viability due to cleaner 1.0, relative to that of BSS, was significant only in ARPE-19 cells (27%; P < 0.05) but not in the other two cell lines (8% and 17%, respectively; P > 0.05).
The double-emulsification approach was effective in removing remnant droplets from the eye cavities, and the cleaner was compatible with common cell types encountered in human eyes. The mechanism of toxicity of the proposed cleaner is still unknown, therefore, further in vivo animal tests are needed for full evaluation of the physiological response before the proposed cleaner can be advanced to clinical trials for retinal surgeries.
硅油（SO）作为一种长期眼内填塞剂，已用于治疗视网膜疾病超过五年。然而，其形成微小 SO 液滴的倾向与许多并发症有关。目前，尚无有效方法从眼腔内清除这些液滴。在这项工作中，开发了一种新型清洁剂，以有效清除这些液滴。
该清洁剂促进形成油包水包油（O/W/O）双乳液，其中不需要的液滴作为最内相的油相。使用体外微器件和离体猪眼模型测试了清洁剂包裹 SO 液滴的能力。使用 3D 打印眼模型定量评估清洁剂去除 SO 液滴的效率。在三种视网膜细胞系上评估了清洁剂的挥发性和体外细胞毒性。
清洁剂 1.0 具有挥发性，在室温下的蒸发率为 0.14 mL/h。O/W/O 双乳液的形成表明清洁剂包裹了 SO 液滴。在 3D 打印眼模型中，与 1×磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS；P < 0.05；n = 6）相比，用清洁剂 1.0 冲洗导致残留 SO 液滴显著减少。与平衡盐溶液（BSS；1%-3%）相比，清洁剂 1.0 在所有三种细胞系中引起的细胞死亡均无显著差异（3%-6%）。与 BSS 相比，清洁剂 1.0 导致细胞活力降低，仅在 ARPE-19 细胞中显著（27%；P < 0.05），而在其他两种细胞系中则不显著（分别为 8%和 17%；P > 0.05）。
双乳化方法可有效去除眼腔内残留液滴，清洁剂与人类眼中常见细胞类型相容。拟议清洁剂的毒性机制尚不清楚，因此，在推进该清洁剂进行视网膜手术的临床试验之前，需要进行进一步的体内动物试验以全面评估生理反应。
