Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
International Center for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
Indoor Air. 2016 Feb;26(1):6-24. doi: 10.1111/ina.12185. Epub 2015 Feb 6.
Over the last decade, influences of the human occupant on indoor chemistry have been investigated in environments ranging from simulated aircraft cabins to actual classrooms. We have learned that ozone reacts rapidly with constituents of skin surface lipids on exposed skin, hair, and clothing, substantially reducing indoor ozone concentrations but increasing airborne levels of mono- and bifunctional compounds that contain carbonyl, carboxyl, or α-hydroxy ketone groups. Moreover, occupants transfer skin oils to and shed skin flakes (desquamation) onto indoor surfaces. Evidence for the presence of skin flakes/oils has been found in airborne particles, settled dust, and wipes of indoor surfaces. These occupant residues are also anticipated to scavenge ozone and produce byproducts. Under typical conditions, occupancy is anticipated to decrease the net level of oxidants in indoor air. When occupants scavenge ozone, the level of SOA derived from ozone/terpene chemistry decreases; the fraction of SVOCs in the gas-phase increases, and the fraction associated with airborne particles decreases. Occupants also remove organic compounds, including certain chemically active species, via bodily intake. Studies reviewed in this paper demonstrate the pronounced influences of humans on chemistry within the spaces they inhabit and the consequences of these influences on their subsequent chemical exposures.
在过去的十年中，人们研究了人类居住者在从模拟飞机舱到实际教室等环境中对室内化学的影响。我们了解到，臭氧会迅速与暴露在外的皮肤、毛发和衣物的皮肤表面脂质成分发生反应，从而大大降低室内臭氧浓度，但会增加含有羰基、羧基或α-羟基酮基团的单官能和双官能化合物的空气水平。此外，居住者会将皮肤油脂转移到室内表面，并将皮肤屑（脱屑）脱落到室内表面。在空气中的颗粒物、沉降的灰尘和室内表面的擦拭物中都发现了皮肤屑/油脂的存在证据。这些居住者的残留物也预计会清除臭氧并产生副产物。在典型条件下，居住者的存在预计会降低室内空气中氧化剂的净水平。当居住者清除臭氧时，臭氧/萜烯化学衍生的 SOA 水平会降低；气相中 SVOC 的比例增加，与空气中颗粒物相关的比例降低。居住者还通过身体摄入来去除有机化合物，包括某些具有化学活性的物质。本文综述的研究表明，人类对其居住空间内的化学物质有显著影响，这些影响对他们随后的化学暴露有一定后果。
