中国病毒杀虫剂的研发与应用历史及现状
History and current status of development and use of viral insecticides in China.
作者信息
Sun Xiulian
机构信息
Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
出版信息
Viruses. 2015 Jan 20;7(1):306-19. doi: 10.3390/v7010306.
The use of insect viruses as biological control agents started in the early 1960s in China. To date, more than 32 viruses have been used to control insect pests in agriculture, forestry, pastures, and domestic gardens in China. In 2014, 57 products from 11 viruses were authorized as commercial viral insecticides by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. Approximately 1600 tons of viral insecticidal formulations have been produced annually in recent years, accounting for about 0.2% of the total insecticide output of China. The development and use of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus, Mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus, Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus, and Periplaneta fuliginosa densovirus are discussed as case studies. Additionally, some baculoviruses have been genetically modified to improve their killing rate, infectivity, and ultraviolet resistance. In this context, the biosafety assessment of a genetically modified Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus is discussed.
20世纪60年代初，中国开始将昆虫病毒用作生物防治剂。截至目前，中国已有32种以上的病毒用于防治农业、林业、牧场和家庭花园中的害虫。2014年，中国农业部批准了11种病毒的57种产品作为商业病毒杀虫剂。近年来，每年生产约1600吨病毒杀虫剂制剂，约占中国杀虫剂总产量的0.2%。本文以棉铃虫核型多角体病毒、甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒、斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒和黑胸大蠊浓核病毒的开发与应用为例进行了讨论。此外，一些杆状病毒已通过基因改造来提高其杀灭率、感染力和抗紫外线能力。在此背景下，本文讨论了转基因棉铃虫核型多角体病毒的生物安全性评估。
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