Akiyama Keisuke, Sakai Takashi, Koyanagi Junichiro, Yoshikawa Hideki, Sugamoto Kazuomi
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sumitomo Hospital, 5-3-20, Nakanoshima, Kita-Ku, Osaka, 530-0005, Japan.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2015 Oct;37(8):963-8. doi: 10.1007/s00276-015-1427-6. Epub 2015 Jan 22.
The geometry of acetabular cartilage surface plays an important role in hip joint biomechanics. The aim of this study was to analyze the morphology of acetabular articular cartilage surface in elderly donated bodies to science using a 3D-digitizer.
Twenty hemipelves from 12 subjects (mean ages 85 years) were scanned with 3D-digitizer. Each acetabular surface model was divided into four regions: anterosuperior (AS), anteroinferior (AI), posterosuperior (PS), and posteroinferior (PI). In the global acetabulum and each region, the acetabular sphere radius and the standard deviation (SD) of the distance from the acetabular sphere center to the acetabular cartilage surface were calculated. In the global acetabulum, the distance between the acetabular surface model and the maximum sphere which did not penetrate over the acetabular surface model was calculated as the inferred femoral head, and then the distribution was mapped at intervals of 0.5 mm.
The SD in AS was significantly larger than that in AI (p = 0.006) and PI (p = 0.001). The SD in PS was significantly larger than that in PI (p = 0.005). The closest region (0-0.5 mm) tended to be distributed at anterior or posterosuperior acetabular edge.
The contact between the femoral head and acetabulum might start at the periphery of the lunate surface, especially in the anterior or posterosuperior region. From viewpoint of acetabular morphology, the acetabular articular cartilage in the anterior or posterosuperior edge could be more vulnerable due to direct contact mechanism.
髋臼软骨表面的几何形状在髋关节生物力学中起着重要作用。本研究的目的是使用三维数字化仪分析老年遗体捐赠者髋臼关节软骨表面的形态。
对12名受试者（平均年龄85岁）的20个半骨盆进行三维数字化扫描。每个髋臼表面模型被分为四个区域：前上（AS）、前下（AI）、后上（PS）和后下（PI）。在整个髋臼及每个区域，计算髋臼球半径以及从髋臼球心到髋臼软骨表面距离的标准差（SD）。在整个髋臼中，计算髋臼表面模型与未穿透髋臼表面模型的最大球体之间的距离作为推断的股骨头，然后以0.5毫米的间隔绘制分布图。
AS区域的SD显著大于AI区域（p = 0.006）和PI区域（p = 0.001）。PS区域的SD显著大于PI区域（p = 0.005）。最接近的区域（0 - 0.5毫米）倾向于分布在髋臼前边缘或后上边缘。
股骨头与髋臼之间的接触可能始于月状面的周边，尤其是在前部或后上部区域。从髋臼形态学角度来看，由于直接接触机制，髋臼前边缘或后上边缘的关节软骨可能更容易受损。
