Radad Khaled, Moldzio Rudolf, Al-Shraim Mubarak, Kranner Barbara, Krewenka Christopher, Rausch Wolf-Dieter
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
Expert Rev Neurother. 2015 Feb;15(2):195-205. doi: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1002087.
Macroautophagy is a highly regulated intracellular process that, under certain circumstances, delivers cytoplasmic components to the lysosomes for degradation. It consists of several sequential steps including initiation and nucleation, double membrane formation and elongation, formation and maturation of autophagosomes and finally autophagosomes/lysosomes fusion and degradation of intra-autophagosomal contents by lysosomal enzymes. After decades of considering autophagy as a cell death pathway, it has recently been shown to have a survival function through clearing of protein aggregates and damaged cytoplasmic organelles in response to a variety of stress conditions. Most recently, there is increasing evidence from literature revealing that autophagy induction may combat neurodegeneration. In the light of this, our current review tried to address the recent advances in the role of induced autophagy in neuroprotection with a particular focus on its contribution in the most common neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.
巨自噬是一种高度调控的细胞内过程，在某些情况下，它会将细胞质成分输送到溶酶体进行降解。它由几个连续的步骤组成，包括起始和成核、双膜形成和延伸、自噬体的形成和成熟，最后是自噬体/溶酶体融合以及溶酶体酶对自噬体内内容物的降解。在将自噬视为一种细胞死亡途径数十年后，最近研究表明，它通过在各种应激条件下清除蛋白质聚集体和受损的细胞质细胞器而具有生存功能。最近，越来越多的文献证据表明，自噬诱导可能对抗神经退行性变。鉴于此，我们当前的综述试图探讨诱导自噬在神经保护作用方面的最新进展，特别关注其在阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和亨廷顿病等最常见神经退行性疾病中的作用。
