Cruz Martínez A, Lara M, Villoslada C
Arch Neurobiol (Madr). 1989;52 Suppl 1:79-92.
Neuropathy may complicate all stages of human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV). Different types of peripheral neuropathy and myelopathy have been reported associated with HIV infection: sensory symmetrical polyneuropathy, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, mononeuropathy multiplex, sensory ataxic neuropathy (ganglioneuronitis), cauda equina syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spastic paraparesia, and subclinical neuropathy diagnosed by electrophysiologic study. We describe the main clinical, electrophysiological and pathological features in these different types of neuropathy and comment their pathogenesis and treatment. Results in our series of twenty-two patients are also reported. In this series we want to underline three cases in which a chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy was the first manifestation of HIV infection. Thus, patients with predominantly motor demyelinating neuropathies and suspicious risk factors should be screened for silent HIV infection.
神经病变可能使人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的各个阶段变得复杂。已报道不同类型的周围神经病变和脊髓病与HIV感染相关：感觉性对称性多神经病、急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多神经病、慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性多神经病、多发性单神经病、感觉性共济失调性神经病（神经节神经元炎）、马尾综合征、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、痉挛性截瘫以及通过电生理研究诊断出的亚临床神经病变。我们描述了这些不同类型神经病变的主要临床、电生理和病理特征，并对其发病机制和治疗进行了评论。还报告了我们22例患者的结果。在这个系列中，我们想强调3例慢性脱髓鞘性多神经病是HIV感染首发表现的病例。因此，对于以运动性脱髓鞘性神经病为主且有可疑危险因素的患者，应筛查是否存在隐匿性HIV感染。
