Salomone A, Gerace E, Diana P, Romeo M, Malvaso V, Di Corcia D, Vincenti M
Centro Regionale Antidoping "A. Bertinaria", Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
Centro Regionale Antidoping "A. Bertinaria", Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
Forensic Sci Int. 2015 Mar;248:119-23. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.12.030. Epub 2015 Jan 8.
Ketamine is a powerful anesthetic drug used in both human and veterinary surgery, but it is also commonly misused because of its psychotropic properties. Since the abuse of this drug has been reported in many countries worldwide, its determination in hair samples is offered as a specialist test by hundreds of laboratories. However, unlike other common drugs of abuse, a cut-off level for ketamine in hair has not been fixed yet. Therefore, aim of this study is to propose a concentration value for ketamine in hair analysis, in order to discriminate between chronic and occasional use, and between active use and external contamination. After considering the chemical properties of this molecule, and the experimental data collected in our laboratory or reported in several other published studies, we propose a cut-off level of 0.5ng/mg, as indicative of repeated exposure to ketamine. Additionally, we suggest that the detection of the metabolite norketamine should be mandatory to prove active intake and exclude false positive result from external contamination. Thus, a reasonable cut-off value for norketamine could be fixed at 0.1ng/mg, while the minimal concentration ratio norketamine/ketamine may be positively established at 0.05.
氯胺酮是一种强效麻醉药物，用于人类和兽医手术，但因其精神活性特性也常被滥用。由于全球许多国家都报告了这种药物的滥用情况，数以百计的实验室将毛发样本中氯胺酮的测定作为一项专业检测项目。然而，与其他常见的滥用药物不同，毛发中氯胺酮的截断水平尚未确定。因此，本研究的目的是提出毛发分析中氯胺酮的浓度值，以便区分长期使用和偶尔使用，以及正在使用和外部污染。在考虑了该分子的化学性质以及我们实验室收集的或其他一些已发表研究报告的实验数据后，我们提出0.5纳克/毫克的截断水平，作为反复接触氯胺酮的指标。此外，我们建议必须检测代谢物去甲氯胺酮，以证明是主动摄入，并排除外部污染导致的假阳性结果。因此，去甲氯胺酮的合理截断值可以定为0.1纳克/毫克，而去甲氯胺酮/氯胺酮的最小浓度比可以确定为0.05。
