State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Jul;22(13):9626-36. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4090-x. Epub 2015 Jan 24.
After global commercialization of short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) as substitutes to conventional long-chain PFAAs by the major manufacturers, two fluorine industry parks for production of short-chain PFAAs located in the Daling River Basin of northern China have developed rapidly in the last few years. This study provides a systematic assessment of sources, emissions, transportation, and potential risks of the PFAAs in this area. The C4 perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) were the predominant short-chain PFAAs in river water, with maximum concentrations of 2.90 and 1.35 μg/L, respectively. Park 1 equipped with a telomerization process was identified to be the source of linear and branched mixtures of PFBS, PFBA, and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), while park 2 with an electrochemical fluorination process (ECF) was identified to be the source of linear and branched mixtures of PFBS and PFOA. Partition coefficients between water and sediment were consistent for C4-C8 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) but directly proportional to C9-C11 PFCAs and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs). Analysis on the health risk of PFBS and PFBA suggested that they were not without risk since short chain PFAAs are known to be recalcitrant during water treatment.
在中国北方大凌河流域的两个短链全氟羧酸（PFAAs）生产氟工业园区，在主要制造商将其作为传统长链 PFAAs 的替代品推向全球商业化之后，近年来发展迅速。本研究系统评估了该地区 PFAAs 的来源、排放、迁移和潜在风险。C4 全氟丁烷磺酸（PFBS）和全氟丁酸（PFBA）是河水中主要的短链 PFAAs，浓度最高分别为 2.90 和 1.35μg/L。装有齐聚反应工艺的园区 1 被鉴定为直链和支链的 PFBS、PFBA 和全氟辛酸（PFOA）混合物的来源，而装有电化学氟化工艺（ECF）的园区 2 被鉴定为直链和支链的 PFBS 和 PFOA 混合物的来源。C4-C8 全氟烷羧酸（PFCAs）在水和沉积物之间的分配系数是一致的，但与 C9-C11 PFCAs 和全氟烷磺酸（PFSAs）直接成正比。对 PFBS 和 PFBA 的健康风险分析表明，由于短链 PFAAs 在水处理过程中被认为是难以降解的，因此它们并非没有风险。
