Meyer Vera, Fiedler Markus, Nitsche Benjamin, King Rudibert
Department Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Berlin University of Technology, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany,
Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2015;149:91-132. doi: 10.1007/10_2014_297.
Living with limits. Getting more from less. Producing commodities and high-value products from renewable resources including waste. What is the driving force and quintessence of bioeconomy outlines the lifestyle and product portfolio of Aspergillus, a saprophytic genus, to which some of the top-performing microbial cell factories belong: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus terreus. What makes them so interesting for exploitation in biotechnology and how can they help us to address key challenges of the twenty-first century? How can these strains become trimmed for better growth on second-generation feedstocks and how can we enlarge their product portfolio by genetic and metabolic engineering to get more from less? On the other hand, what makes it so challenging to deduce biological meaning from the wealth of Aspergillus -omics data? And which hurdles hinder us to model and engineer industrial strains for higher productivity and better rheological performance under industrial cultivation conditions? In this review, we will address these issues by highlighting most recent findings from the Aspergillus research with a focus on fungal growth, physiology, morphology and product formation. Indeed, the last years brought us many surprising insights into model and industrial strains. They clearly told us that similar is not the same: there are different ways to make a hypha, there are more protein secretion routes than anticipated and there are different molecular and physical mechanisms which control polar growth and the development of hyphal networks. We will discuss new conceptual frameworks derived from these insights and the future scientific advances necessary to create value from Aspergillus Big Data.
与极限共存。以更少的资源获取更多。利用包括废物在内的可再生资源生产商品和高价值产品。生物经济的驱动力和精髓勾勒出腐生菌属曲霉的生活方式和产品组合，一些表现卓越的微生物细胞工厂就属于该属：黑曲霉、米曲霉和土曲霉。是什么让它们在生物技术开发中如此引人关注，以及它们如何帮助我们应对21世纪的关键挑战？这些菌株如何经过改良以在第二代原料上更好地生长，以及我们如何通过基因工程和代谢工程扩大它们的产品组合，从而以更少的资源获得更多的产出？另一方面，从大量曲霉组学数据中推断生物学意义为何如此具有挑战性？哪些障碍阻碍我们对工业菌株进行建模和工程改造，使其在工业培养条件下具有更高的生产力和更好的流变学性能？在这篇综述中，我们将通过突出曲霉研究的最新发现来探讨这些问题，重点关注真菌的生长、生理学、形态学和产物形成。事实上，过去几年我们对模式菌株和工业菌株有了许多惊人的认识。它们清楚地告诉我们，相似并不等同于相同：形成菌丝有不同的方式，蛋白质分泌途径比预期的更多，并且存在控制极性生长和菌丝网络发育的不同分子和物理机制。我们将讨论从这些认识中衍生出的新的概念框架，以及从曲霉大数据中创造价值所需的未来科学进展。
