Bosque-Prous Marina, Espelt Albert, Borrell Carme, Bartroli Montse, Guitart Anna M, Villalbí Joan R, Brugal M Teresa
1 Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain 3 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
1 Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain 4 CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain 5 Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
Eur J Public Health. 2015 Aug;25(4):698-705. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku234. Epub 2015 Jan 22.
The aim of this study was to estimate the magnitude of gender differences in hazardous drinking among middle-aged people and to analyse whether these differences are associated with contextual factors, such as public policies or socioeconomic factors.
Cross-sectional design. The study population included 50- to 64-year-old residents of 16 European countries who participated in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe project conducted in 2010-12 (n = 26 017). We estimated gender differences in hazardous drinking in each country. To determine whether different social context or women's empowerment variables were associated with gender differences in hazardous drinking, we fitted multilevel Poisson regression models adjusted for various individual and country-level variables, which yielded prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
Prevalence of hazardous drinking was significantly higher in men than women [30.2% (95% CI: 29.1-31.4%) and 18.6% (95% CI: 17.7-19.4%), respectively] in most countries, although the extent of these differences varied between countries. Among individuals aged 50-64 years in Europe, risk of becoming a hazardous drinker was 1.69 times higher (95% CI: 1.45-1.97) in men, after controlling for individual and country-level variables. We also found that lower values of the gender empowerment measure and higher unemployment rates were associated with higher gender differences in hazardous drinking.
Countries with the greatest gender differences in hazardous drinking were those with the most restrictions on women's behaviour, and the greatest gender inequalities in daily life. Lower gender differences in hazardous drinking seem to be related to higher consumption among women.
本研究旨在评估中年人群中有害饮酒的性别差异程度，并分析这些差异是否与公共政策或社会经济因素等背景因素相关。
采用横断面设计。研究人群包括16个欧洲国家50至64岁的居民，他们参与了2010 - 2012年开展的欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查项目（n = 26017）。我们估算了每个国家有害饮酒的性别差异。为确定不同的社会背景或妇女赋权变量是否与有害饮酒的性别差异相关，我们拟合了针对各种个体和国家层面变量进行调整的多水平泊松回归模型，得出患病率比值及其95%置信区间（95%CI）。
在大多数国家，有害饮酒的患病率男性显著高于女性[分别为30.2%（95%CI：29.1 - 31.4%）和18.6%（95%CI：17.7 - 19.4%）]，尽管这些差异的程度在不同国家有所不同。在欧洲50至64岁的个体中，在控制个体和国家层面变量后，男性成为有害饮酒者的风险高出1.69倍（95%CI：1.45 - 1.97）。我们还发现，性别赋权措施得分较低和失业率较高与有害饮酒的性别差异较大相关。
在有害饮酒方面性别差异最大的国家是那些对女性行为限制最多、日常生活中性别不平等最严重的国家。有害饮酒方面较小的性别差异似乎与女性较高的饮酒量有关。
