Pantoja-Mendoza Itzayana Y, Meléndez Guillermo, Guevara-Cruz Martha, Serralde-Zúñiga Aurora E
Universidad del Valle de México..
Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga"..
Nutr Hosp. 2014 Oct 19;31(2):552-8. doi: 10.3305/nh.2015.31.2.7668.
The early introduction of food is consistent with a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, particularly in children, partly because of the resulting changes in feeding patterns. The purpose of this study was to describe the complementary feeding practices of Mexican children younger than two years of age.
Medline, Lilacs and manual methods were used to search for studies that assessed feeding practices in children younger than two years of age in Mexico. The following terms were used: complementary feeding, supplementary feeding, Mexico and weaning. Data on complementary feeding practices, including the age of initiation, the type of foods eaten, the frequency of food intake and the reasons for starting complementary feeding, were collected. The information gathered was subjected to qualitative analysis, and the data are presented as proportions in the tables.
The seven studies included in this evaluation revealed that children were introduced to complementary feeding before the age of 6 months. Although fruits were the foods most commonly provided when complementary feeding began, processed juices, soft drinks and fried snacks were also offered. The intake of these products increased as the children grew older and coincided with a low intake of foods containing high-biological value protein, particularly red meats.
The results of the included studies showed that during complementary feeding, infants receive high-energy density foods, whereas the intake of foods that provide animal protein and iron in particular is low. In addition, common conditions associated with complementary feeding include overweight, obesity, malnutrition, and anemia, which may contribute to health problems.
过早引入辅食与超重和肥胖患病率的显著增加相关，尤其是在儿童中，部分原因是由此导致的喂养模式变化。本研究的目的是描述墨西哥两岁以下儿童的辅食喂养情况。
使用医学文献数据库（Medline）、拉丁美洲及加勒比地区健康科学文献数据库（Lilacs）和手工检索方法，查找评估墨西哥两岁以下儿童喂养情况的研究。使用了以下检索词：辅食喂养、补充喂养、墨西哥和断奶。收集了关于辅食喂养情况的数据，包括开始添加辅食的年龄、所吃食物的类型、食物摄入频率以及开始辅食喂养的原因。对收集到的信息进行定性分析，数据在表格中以比例形式呈现。
本次评估纳入的七项研究表明，儿童在6个月龄前就开始添加辅食。虽然开始辅食喂养时最常提供的食物是水果，但也会提供加工果汁、软饮料和油炸零食。随着儿童年龄增长，这些产品的摄入量增加，同时含有高生物价值蛋白质的食物，特别是红肉的摄入量较低。
纳入研究的结果表明，在辅食喂养期间，婴儿摄入的是高能量密度食物，而特别是提供动物蛋白和铁的食物摄入量较低。此外，与辅食喂养相关的常见情况包括超重、肥胖、营养不良和贫血，这些可能会导致健康问题。
