Li Qinrui, Liang Furong, Liang Weilan, Shi Wanjun, Han Ying
Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
Front Pediatr. 2019 Jul 12;7:286. doi: 10.3389/fped.2019.00286. eCollection 2019.
The worldwide prevalence of anemia is ~24.8%. Iron deficiency anemia is common in children and women and associated with sensory, motor, cognitive, language, and socioemotional deficits. Therefore, detection and early intervention strategies for anemia in infants are urgently needed. To prevent the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia, we aimed to identify risk factors associated with anemia in infants. This investigation involved a cross-sectional study of 6-months-old infants discharged between April 2014 and September 2017 from Peking University First Hospital. We assessed birth information, maternal age, and maternal educational level as well as data on feeding style, complementary foods and primary caregivers. The infants were assessed with the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST). A total of 1,127 6-months-old infants were enrolled at the hospital. We found that the prevalence of anemia among infants in Beijing was ~11.8%. Premature infants had a higher rate of anemia than full-term infants (χ = 40.103, < 0.001). Infants born in autumn or winter were at an elevated risk of developing anemia (χ = 22.949, < 0.001). Birth weight had no effect on the rate of anemia in infants (χ = 0.023, = 0.568). Infants who were exclusively breastfeeding had higher anemia rates than those who were fed formula (χ = 38.466, < 0.001). Infants whose caregivers added no complementary foods had higher anemia rates (24.7%) than those whose caregivers added more than two kinds of complementary food (8.2%). The type of caregiver had no effect on the anemia rate in infants (χ = 0.031, = 1.000). The following factors resulted in a higher prevalence of anemia in our study a gestational age at birth of <37 weeks, exclusive breastfeeding, a lack of supplementation with complementary foods and a spring birth date. No significant differences in DDST pass rates were evident between infants with and without anemia.
全球贫血患病率约为24.8%。缺铁性贫血在儿童和妇女中很常见，并与感觉、运动、认知、语言和社会情感缺陷有关。因此，迫切需要针对婴儿贫血的检测和早期干预策略。为预防缺铁性贫血的发生，我们旨在确定与婴儿贫血相关的危险因素。本调查涉及一项对2014年4月至2017年9月间从北京大学第一医院出院的6个月大婴儿的横断面研究。我们评估了出生信息、母亲年龄、母亲教育水平以及喂养方式、辅食和主要照顾者的数据。使用丹佛发育筛查测试（DDST）对婴儿进行评估。共有1127名6个月大的婴儿在该医院登记入组。我们发现北京婴儿的贫血患病率约为11.8%。早产儿的贫血发生率高于足月儿（χ² = 40.103，P < 0.001）。在秋季或冬季出生的婴儿患贫血的风险较高（χ² = 22.949，P < 0.001）。出生体重对婴儿贫血发生率没有影响（χ² = 0.023，P = 0.568）。纯母乳喂养的婴儿贫血率高于喂配方奶的婴儿（χ² = 38.466，P < 0.001）。照顾者未添加辅食的婴儿贫血率（24.7%）高于照顾者添加两种以上辅食的婴儿（8.2%）。照顾者类型对婴儿贫血率没有影响（χ² = 0.031，P = 1.000）。以下因素导致我们研究中贫血患病率较高：出生孕周<37周、纯母乳喂养、缺乏辅食添加以及春季出生日期。贫血婴儿和非贫血婴儿之间的DDST通过率没有明显差异。
