Marti Geoffrey, Morice Antoine H P, Montagne Gilles
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288 Marseille, France.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2015 Jan 9;8:1026. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.01026. eCollection 2014.
In theory, a safe approach to an intersection implies that drivers can simultaneously manage two scenarios: they either choose to cross or to give way to an oncoming vehicle. In this article we formalize the critical time for safe crossing (CT cross ) and the critical time for safe stopping (CT stop ) to represent crossing and stopping possibilities, respectively. We describe these critical times in terms of affordances and empirically test their respective contribution to the driver's decision-making process. Using a driving simulator, three groups of participants drove cars with identical acceleration capabilities and different braking capabilities. They were asked to try to cross an intersection where there was an oncoming vehicle, if they deemed the maneuver to be safe. If not, they could decide to stop or, as a last resort, make an emergency exit. The intersections were identical among groups. Results showed that although the crossing possibilities (CT cross ) were the same for all groups, there were between-group differences in crossing frequency. This suggests that stopping possibilities (CT stop ) play a role in the driver's decision-making process, in addition to the crossing possibilities. These results can be accounted for by a behavioral model of decision making, and provide support for the hypothesis of choice between affordances.
从理论上讲，安全通过十字路口意味着驾驶员能够同时应对两种情况：要么选择通过，要么给迎面而来的车辆让路。在本文中，我们将安全通过的临界时间（CT cross）和安全停车的临界时间（CT stop）形式化，分别用以表示通过和停车的可能性。我们从可供性的角度描述这些临界时间，并通过实证检验它们对驾驶员决策过程的各自贡献。使用驾驶模拟器，三组参与者驾驶具有相同加速能力和不同制动能力的汽车。要求他们在认为操作安全的情况下尝试通过有迎面来车的十字路口。如果不安全，他们可以决定停车，或者在万不得已时紧急撤离。各组的十字路口是相同的。结果表明，尽管所有组的通过可能性（CT cross）相同，但通过频率存在组间差异。这表明，除了通过可能性之外，停车可能性（CT stop）在驾驶员的决策过程中也起作用。这些结果可以用决策行为模型来解释，并为可供性之间的选择假设提供支持。
