Ziv Gal
Motor Behavior Laboratory, the Levinsky-Wingate Academic Center, Wingate Campus, Netanya, Israel.
Front Sports Act Living. 2023 Feb 22;5:1095639. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1095639. eCollection 2023.
Racecar driving is a fast-paced sport that presents the driver-athlete with many perception-action coupling and decision-making challenges. One question that arises is how racecar drivers deal with the influx of perceptual information and manage to perform successfully in such high speeds and, as a result, very limited time to make decisions and act upon them. In this perspective paper, I suggest that the ecological approach is one theoretical framework that can help researchers understand how skill is acquired in racecar driving. I also suggest that an embodied perception of affordances can provide a good basis for research in the field. Specifically, it is an extended embodied cognition that includes not only the driver's mind and body, but the car itself. In a sense, the driver and the car are embodied into one unit and any perception of affordances should be based on this unit. This paper will also discuss the constraints during a race, the affordances the race driver must perceive and how they change over the course of a race, and how researchers can use a racecar driving paradigm to study human perception and action from an embodied and an ecological approach. Specifically, because the driver is seated, measuring EEG and eye movements is relatively simple and can provide additional information on drivers' visual perception of affordances, and their ability to act upon them.
赛车驾驶是一项节奏很快的运动，给赛车手（运动员）带来了诸多感知 - 行动耦合及决策方面的挑战。由此产生的一个问题是，赛车手如何应对大量的感知信息，并在如此高的速度下成功完成比赛，进而导致做出决策并付诸行动的时间非常有限。在这篇观点论文中，我认为生态方法是一个理论框架，能够帮助研究人员理解赛车驾驶技能是如何习得的。我还认为，对可供性的具身感知可以为该领域的研究提供良好的基础。具体而言，它是一种扩展的具身认知，不仅包括车手的心智和身体，还包括赛车本身。从某种意义上说，车手和赛车融为一体，任何对可供性的感知都应基于这个整体。本文还将讨论比赛中的限制因素、赛车手必须感知的可供性以及它们在比赛过程中的变化，以及研究人员如何利用赛车驾驶范式，从具身和生态的角度研究人类的感知与行动。具体来说，由于车手坐在驾驶座上，测量脑电图和眼动相对简单，并且可以提供有关车手对可供性的视觉感知以及他们据此采取行动能力的额外信息。
