Fajen Brett R, Devaney Michael C
Department of Cognitive Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2006 Apr;32(2):300-13. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.32.2.300.
The authors investigated the role of perceptual attunement in an emergency braking task in which participants waited until the last possible moment to slam on the brakes. Effects of the size of the approached object and initial speed on the initiation of braking were used to identify the optical variables on which participants relied at various stages of practice. In Experiments 1A and 1B, size and speed effects that were present early in practice diminished but were not eliminated as participants learned to initiate braking at a rate of optical expansion that varied with optical angle. When size and speed were manipulated together in Experiment 2, the size effect was quickly eliminated, and participants learned to use a 3rd optical variable (global optic flow rate) to nearly eliminate the speed effect. The authors conclude that perceptual attunement depends on the range of practice conditions, the availability of information, and the criteria for success.
作者们研究了感知协调在一项紧急制动任务中的作用，在该任务中参与者要等到最后一刻才猛踩刹车。接近物体的大小和初始速度对制动启动的影响被用来确定参与者在不同练习阶段所依赖的视觉变量。在实验1A和1B中，随着参与者学会以随视角变化的视觉扩展速率启动制动，练习早期出现的大小和速度效应减弱但并未消除。在实验2中，当大小和速度一起被操纵时，大小效应很快消除，参与者学会使用第三个视觉变量（全局视觉流率）来几乎消除速度效应。作者们得出结论，感知协调取决于练习条件的范围、信息的可用性以及成功的标准。
