Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
Department of Psychology, Université Catholique de Louvain.
Psychol Bull. 2015 May;141(3):655-93. doi: 10.1037/a0038648. Epub 2015 Jan 26.
The rapid growth of the literature on positive interventions to increase "happiness" has suggested the need for an overarching conceptual framework to integrate the many and apparently disparate findings. In this review, we used the process model of emotion regulation (Gross, 1998) to organize the existing literature on positive interventions and to advance theory by clarifying the mechanisms underlying their effectiveness. We have proposed that positive emotions can be increased both in the short- and longer-term through 5 families of emotion regulation strategies (i.e., situation selection, situation modification, attentional deployment, cognitive change, and response modulation), showing how these emotion regulation strategies can be applied before, during, and after positive emotional events. Regarding short-term increases in positive emotions, our review found that attentional deployment, cognitive change, and response modulation strategies have received the most empirical support, whereas more work is needed to establish the effectiveness of situation selection and situation modification strategies. Regarding longer-term increases in positive emotions, strategies such as situation selection during an event and attentional deployment before, during, and after an event have received strong empirical support and are at the center of many positive interventions. However, more work is needed to establish the specific benefits of the other strategies, especially situation modification. We argue that our emotion regulation framework clarifies existing interventions and points the way for new interventions that might be used to increase positive emotions in both nonclinical and clinical populations.
积极干预措施来增加“幸福感”的文献迅速增长，这表明需要一个总体概念框架来整合许多明显不同的发现。在这篇综述中，我们使用情绪调节的过程模型（Gross，1998）来组织关于积极干预的现有文献，并通过澄清其有效性的机制来推进理论。我们提出，积极情绪可以通过 5 种情绪调节策略（即情境选择、情境修改、注意力部署、认知改变和反应调节）在短期和长期内得到增加，展示了这些情绪调节策略如何在积极情绪事件之前、期间和之后应用。关于短期积极情绪的增加，我们的综述发现，注意力部署、认知改变和反应调节策略得到了最多的实证支持，而需要更多的工作来确定情境选择和情境修改策略的有效性。关于长期积极情绪的增加，事件期间的情境选择和事件之前、期间和之后的注意力部署等策略得到了强有力的实证支持，并且是许多积极干预措施的核心。然而，需要更多的工作来确定其他策略的具体益处，特别是情境修改。我们认为，我们的情绪调节框架澄清了现有的干预措施，并为可能用于增加非临床和临床人群积极情绪的新干预措施指明了方向。
