Ozasa Kazunari, Lee Jeesoo, Song Simon, Hara Masahiko, Maeda Mizuo
RIKEN.
Hanyang University.
Artif Life. 2015 Spring;21(2):234-46. doi: 10.1162/ARTL_a_00159. Epub 2015 Jan 26.
Artificial linking of two isolated culture dishes is a fascinating means of investigating interactions among multiple groups of microbes or fungi. We examined artificial interaction between two isolated dishes containing Euglena cells, which are photophobic to strong blue light. The spatial distribution of swimming Euglena cells in two micro-aquariums in the dishes was evaluated as a set of new measures: the trace momentums (TMs). The blue light patterns next irradiated onto each dish were deduced from the set of TMs using digital or analogue feedback algorithms. In the digital feedback experiment, one of two different pattern-formation rules was imposed on each feedback system. The resultant cell distribution patterns satisfied the two rules with an and operation, showing that cooperative interaction was realized in the interlink feedback. In the analogue experiment, two dishes A and B were interlinked by a feedback algorithm that illuminated dish A (B) with blue light of intensity proportional to the cell distribution in dish B (A). In this case, a distribution pattern and its reverse were autonomously formed in the two dishes. The autonomous formation of a pair of reversal patterns reflects a type of habitat separation realized by competitive interaction through the interlink feedback. According to this study, interlink feedback between two or more separate culture dishes enables artificial interactions between isolated microbial groups, and autonomous cellular distribution patterns will be achieved by correlating various microbial species, despite environmental and spatial scale incompatibilities. The optical interlink feedback is also useful for enhancing the performance of Euglena-based soft biocomputing.
将两个隔离的培养皿进行人工连接是研究多组微生物或真菌之间相互作用的一种引人入胜的方法。我们研究了两个装有对强蓝光有避光性的眼虫细胞的隔离培养皿之间的人工相互作用。培养皿中两个微型水族箱内游动的眼虫细胞的空间分布被评估为一组新的指标：轨迹动量（TMs）。利用数字或模拟反馈算法，从轨迹动量集合中推导出随后照射到每个培养皿上的蓝光图案。在数字反馈实验中，对每个反馈系统施加两种不同图案形成规则中的一种。最终的细胞分布图案通过“与”运算满足了这两种规则，表明在互连反馈中实现了协同相互作用。在模拟实验中，两个培养皿A和B通过一种反馈算法互连，该算法用与培养皿B（A）中的细胞分布成正比的蓝光照射培养皿A（B）。在这种情况下，在两个培养皿中自主形成了一种分布图案及其相反图案。一对相反图案的自主形成反映了通过互连反馈中的竞争相互作用实现的一种栖息地分离类型。根据这项研究，两个或更多个分离培养皿之间的互连反馈能够实现隔离微生物群体之间的人工相互作用，并且尽管存在环境和空间尺度不匹配的情况，但通过关联各种微生物物种将实现自主的细胞分布图案。光学互连反馈对于提高基于眼虫的软生物计算性能也很有用。
