期望比行为意图更能预测行为：来自两项前瞻性研究的证据。
Expectations are more predictive of behavior than behavioral intentions: evidence from two prospective studies.
作者信息
Armitage Christopher J, Norman Paul, Alganem Soud, Conner Mark
机构信息
Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Coupland Street, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK,
出版信息
Ann Behav Med. 2015 Apr;49(2):239-46. doi: 10.1007/s12160-014-9653-4.
BACKGROUND
Understanding the gap between people's behavioral intentions and their subsequent behavior is a key problem for behavioral scientists, but little attention has been paid to how behavioral intentions are operationalized.
PURPOSE
Test the distinction between asking people what they intend to do, as opposed to what they expect they will do.
METHODS
Two studies were conducted in the domains of alcohol consumption (N = 152) and weight loss (N = 141). Participants completed questionnaires assessing their behavioral intentions, expectations, and self-efficacy at baseline; alcohol consumption/weight were assessed at both baseline and follow-up.
RESULTS
In study 1, expectations were more predictive of alcohol consumption than behavioral intentions, controlling for baseline alcohol consumption and self-efficacy. In study 2, changes in expectations were more predictive of weight loss than changes in behavioral intentions, controlling for baseline weight and self-efficacy.
CONCLUSION
The findings support a potentially important distinction between behavioral intentions and expectations.
背景
理解人们的行为意图与其后续行为之间的差距是行为科学家面临的一个关键问题，但对于行为意图如何被操作化却鲜有关注。
目的
测试询问人们打算做什么与他们预期自己会做什么之间的区别。
方法
在酒精消费（N = 152）和减肥（N = 141）领域进行了两项研究。参与者在基线时完成评估其行为意图、期望和自我效能感的问卷；在基线和随访时评估酒精消费/体重。
结果
在研究1中，在控制基线酒精消费和自我效能感的情况下，期望比行为意图更能预测酒精消费。在研究2中，在控制基线体重和自我效能感的情况下，期望的变化比行为意图的变化更能预测体重减轻。
结论
研究结果支持行为意图和期望之间可能存在的重要区别。
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