Hendrickson Kristi, Walenski Matthew, Friend Margaret, Love Tracy
Center for Research in Language, University of California, San Diego, USA; School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, USA; Joint Doctoral Program in Language and Communicative Disorders, San Diego State University, USA.
School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, USA.
Neuropsychologia. 2015 Mar;69:67-76. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.035. Epub 2015 Jan 24.
In the present study we used event-related potentials to compare the organization of linguistic and meaningful nonlinguistic sounds in memory. We examined N400 amplitudes as adults viewed pictures presented with words or environmental sounds that matched the picture (Match), that shared semantic features with the expected match (Near Violation), and that shared relatively few semantic features with the expected match (Far Violation). Words demonstrated incremental N400 amplitudes based on featural similarity from 300-700ms, such that both Near and Far Violations exhibited significant N400 effects, however Far Violations exhibited greater N400 effects than Near Violations. For environmental sounds, Far Violations but not Near Violations elicited significant N400 effects, in both early (300-400ms) and late (500-700ms) time windows, though a graded pattern similar to that of words was seen in the mid-latency time window (400-500ms). These results indicate that the organization of words and environmental sounds in memory is differentially influenced by featural similarity, with a consistently fine-grained graded structure for words but not sounds.
在本研究中，我们使用事件相关电位来比较记忆中语言和有意义的非语言声音的组织方式。我们在成年人观看与图片匹配的单词或环境声音（匹配）、与预期匹配共享语义特征（接近违背）以及与预期匹配共享相对较少语义特征（远离违背）的图片时，检查了N400波幅。单词在300 - 700毫秒内基于特征相似性呈现出递增的N400波幅，因此接近违背和远离违背都表现出显著的N400效应，然而远离违背比接近违背表现出更大的N400效应。对于环境声音，远离违背而非接近违背在早期（300 - 400毫秒）和晚期（500 - 700毫秒）时间窗口中都引发了显著的N400效应，尽管在中潜伏期时间窗口（400 - 500毫秒）中观察到了与单词类似的渐变模式。这些结果表明，记忆中单词和环境声音的组织受到特征相似性的不同影响，单词具有始终精细的渐变结构，而声音则不然。
