Michálek Pavel, Miller Donald M
Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Anaesthetics, Guys Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
Prague Med Rep. 2014;115(3-4):87-103. doi: 10.14712/23362936.2014.40.
Extraglottic airway devices (EADs) are commonly used equipment for airway maintenance during elective procedures under general anaesthesia. They may be used also in other indications such as conduit for tracheal intubation or rescue airway device in prehospital medicine. Current classifications of the EADs lack systematic approach and therefore classification according to the sealing sites and sealing mechanisms is suggested in this review article. Modern EADs are disposable, latex-free devices made of plastic materials most commonly from polyvinylchloride (PVC). The bowl of uncuffed sealers is manufactured from different materials such as thermoplastic elastomers or ethylene-vinyl-acetate co-polymer. EADs create various physical forces exerted on the adjacent tissues which may contribute to different sealing characteristic of particular device or to variable incidence of postoperative complications. Desired features of an ideal EAD involve easy insertion, high insertion success rate even by inexperienced users, protection against aspiration of gastric contents and low incidence of postoperative complications such as sore throat, hoarseness, cough or swallowing difficulties.
声门外气道装置（EADs）是全身麻醉下择期手术中常用的气道维持设备。它们也可用于其他适应症，如气管插管的通道或院前急救中的抢救气道装置。目前EADs的分类缺乏系统的方法，因此本文建议根据密封部位和密封机制进行分类。现代EADs是一次性、无乳胶的装置，由塑料材料制成，最常见的是聚氯乙烯（PVC）。无套囊密封器的碗状部分由不同材料制成，如热塑性弹性体或乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物。EADs会对相邻组织施加各种物理力，这可能导致特定装置的不同密封特性或术后并发症的不同发生率。理想EADs的理想特性包括易于插入、即使是无经验的使用者也有较高的插入成功率、防止胃内容物误吸以及术后并发症（如咽痛、声音嘶哑、咳嗽或吞咽困难）的发生率较低。
