C3d与补体因子H(CCP 19-20)复合物结合模式的能量评估

Energetic evaluation of binding modes in the C3d and Factor H (CCP 19-20) complex.

作者信息

E S Harrison Reed, Gorham Ronald D, Morikis Dimitrios

机构信息

Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California.

出版信息

Protein Sci. 2015 May;24(5):789-802. doi: 10.1002/pro.2650. Epub 2015 Mar 11.

Abstract

As a part of innate immunity, the complement system relies on activation of the alternative pathway (AP). While feed-forward amplification generates an immune response towards foreign surfaces, the process requires regulation to prevent an immune response on the surface of host cells. Factor H (FH) is a complement protein secreted by native cells to negatively regulate the AP. In terms of structure, FH is composed of 20 complement-control protein (CCP) modules that are structurally homologous but vary in composition and function. Mutations in these CCPs have been linked to states of autoimmunity. In particular, several mutations in CCP 19-20 are correlated to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). From crystallographic structures there are three putative binding sites of CCP 19-20 on C3d. Since there has been some controversy over the primary mode of binding from experimental studies, we approach characterization of binding using computational methods. Specifically, we compare each binding mode in terms of electrostatic character, structural stability, dissociative and associative properties, and predicted free energy of binding. After a detailed investigation, we found two of the three binding sites to be similarly stable while varying in the number of contacts to C3d and in the energetic barrier to complex dissociation. These sites are likely physiologically relevant and may facilitate multivalent binding of FH CCP 19-20 to C3b and either C3d or host glycosaminoglycans. We propose thermodynamically stable binding with modules 19 and 20, the latter driven by electrostatics, acting synergistically to increase the apparent affinity of FH for host surfaces.

摘要

作为固有免疫的一部分,补体系统依赖于替代途径(AP)的激活。虽然前馈放大产生针对外来表面的免疫反应,但该过程需要调节以防止在宿主细胞表面发生免疫反应。因子H(FH)是天然细胞分泌的一种补体蛋白,用于对AP进行负调节。在结构方面,FH由20个补体控制蛋白(CCP)模块组成,这些模块在结构上同源,但在组成和功能上有所不同。这些CCP中的突变与自身免疫状态有关。特别是,CCP 19 - 20中的几个突变与非典型溶血性尿毒症综合征(aHUS)相关。从晶体结构来看,CCP 19 - 20在C3d上有三个假定的结合位点。由于实验研究中关于主要结合模式存在一些争议,我们采用计算方法来表征结合。具体而言,我们从静电特性、结构稳定性、解离和缔合特性以及预测的结合自由能等方面比较每种结合模式。经过详细研究,我们发现三个结合位点中的两个同样稳定,只是与C3d的接触数量以及复合物解离的能量屏障有所不同。这些位点可能具有生理相关性,并且可能促进FH CCP 19 - 20与C3b以及C3d或宿主糖胺聚糖的多价结合。我们提出模块19和20具有热力学稳定的结合,后者由静电驱动,协同作用以增加FH对宿主表面的表观亲和力。

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