Awad Abdelmoneim Ismail, Alsaleh Fatemah Mohammad
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
PLoS One. 2015 Jan 28;10(1):e0116742. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116742. eCollection 2015.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary heart disease (CHD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are major healthcare problems in Kuwait. The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of MetS, and to estimate the 10-year risk for developing T2DM and CHD among the general population in Kuwait.
A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was undertaken in 1800 individuals without diabetes or a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). They were selected from six governorates using two stage convenience sampling. The questionnaire was developed using the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISK), Framingham Risk Score [FRS] and the 2009 Joint Statement criteria for diagnosis of MetS as a framework. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used.
The response rate was 89.4%. More than half (60.8%; 95% CI: 58.4-63.2) of responders were either overweight or obese. One hundred and ninety seven (12.2%) subjects had blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140/90 mm Hg. Almost three-in-ten (28.3%: 26.2-30.6) subjects had fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels ≥ 5.6 mmol/l, of whom 86.0% and 14.0% had impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and screen detected T2DM, respectively. MetS was present in 512 (31.8%; 29.5-34.2) respondents. Just under one third (n = 481; 29.9%; 27.7-32.2) of participants were at moderate, high, or very high risk of developing T2DM, while 283 (17.6%: 15.8-19.6) were at moderate/high 10-year risk of developing CHD. Approximately one-in-ten (8.5%; 7.2-9.9) subjects were at moderate/high/very high 10-year risk of developing both T2DM/CHD. T2DM risk was higher for females compared to males (p < 0.001); however, the pattern was reversed in terms of the risk of developing CHD or T2DM/CHD. The risk of developing T2DM, CHD, or T2DM/CHD was greater among those aged ≥ 45 years, and those having MetS (p<0.001).
The current findings highlight the need for multifaceted interventions for prevention.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）、冠心病（CHD）和代谢综合征（MetS）是科威特主要的医疗保健问题。本研究旨在确定代谢综合征的患病率，并估计科威特普通人群中患2型糖尿病和冠心病的10年风险。
对1800名无糖尿病或心血管疾病（CVD）病史的个体进行了描述性横断面调查。采用两阶段便利抽样从六个省份选取研究对象。问卷以芬兰糖尿病风险评分（FINDRISK）、弗雷明汉风险评分（FRS）和2009年代谢综合征联合诊断标准为框架制定。采用描述性和多因素逻辑回归分析。
应答率为89.4%。超过一半（60.8%；95%可信区间：58.4 - 63.2）的应答者超重或肥胖。197名（12.2%）受试者血压（BP）≥140/90 mmHg。近十分之三（28.3%：26.2 - 30.6）的受试者空腹血糖（FPG）水平≥5.6 mmol/l，其中86.0%和14.0%分别为空腹血糖受损（IFG）和筛查发现的T2DM。512名（31.8%；29.5 - 34.2）应答者存在代谢综合征。略低于三分之一（n = 481；29.9%；27.7 - 32.2）的参与者患2型糖尿病的风险为中度、高度或非常高，而283名（17.6%：15.8 - 19.6）参与者患冠心病的10年风险为中度/高度。约十分之一（8.5%；7.2 - 9.9）的受试者患2型糖尿病/冠心病的10年风险为中度/高度/非常高。女性患2型糖尿病的风险高于男性（p < 0.001）；然而，在患冠心病或2型糖尿病/冠心病的风险方面，情况则相反。年龄≥45岁以及患有代谢综合征的人群患2型糖尿病、冠心病或2型糖尿病/冠心病的风险更高（p<0.001）。
当前研究结果突出了采取多方面预防干预措施的必要性。
