Borges Aline C, Duarte Renata B M, Nogueira Luma, Barros Marilia
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, CEP 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
Primate Center and Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015 Mar 1;148:188-94. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.007. Epub 2015 Jan 15.
Although repeated exposure to cocaine can induce hypervigilance and conditioned-place-preference (CPP) in nonhuman primates (NHPs), more detailed analyses are warranted since the outcome can be influenced by different factors.
We evaluated in marmoset monkeys (Callithrix penicillata): (1) the onset time-course and dose-dependent (3 or 7mg/kg; i.p.) profile of their hypervigilance and CPP response to repeated cocaine exposure; (2) whether these behavioral measures are still detectable after a 15-day no-drug period; (3) the relationship between their hypervigilance and CPP responses; and (4) if these behavioral changes correlate with pre- and post-drug behaviors (i.e., vigilance, locomotion, exploration), and/or first response to cocaine.
Hypervigilance had a slow-onset, was only effective with the 7mg/kg dose of cocaine, lacked long-term conditioned effects and was not related to the initial cocaine response or pre-drug behaviors, regardless of the dose tested. CPP was promptly induced with the 3 and 7mg/kg doses, and had a dose-dependent long-term effect and negative correlation with pre-drug locomotion and exploration. Hypervigilance and CPP were not significantly correlated.
Although hypervigilance and CPP were induced, they had distinct temporal and dose-dependent profiles, and were not equally co-expressed in the same marmoset. Also, in NHPs, pre-drug locomotion and exploration were predictive of the low-dose CPP response.
