Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
Lab Chip. 2015 Apr 7;15(7):1634-7. doi: 10.1039/c5lc90019k.
This article will focus on recent reports that have applied three-dimensional (3D) printing for designing millimeter to micrometer architecture for robotic motility. The utilization of 3D printing has rapidly grown in applications for medical prosthetics and scaffolds for organs and tissue, but more recently has been implemented for designing mobile robotics. With an increase in the demand for devices to perform in fragile and confined biological environments, it is crucial to develop new miniaturized, biocompatible 3D systems. Fabrication of materials at different scales with different properties makes 3D printing an ideal system for creating frameworks for small-scale robotics. 3D printing has been applied for the design of externally powered, artificial microswimmers and studying their locomotive capabilities in different fluids. Printed materials have also been incorporated with motile cells for bio-hybrid robots capable of functioning by cell contraction and swimming. These 3D devices offer new methods of robotic motility for biomedical applications requiring miniature structures. Traditional 3D printing methods, where a structure is fabricated in an additive process from a digital design, and non-traditional 3D printing methods, such as lithography and molding, will be discussed.
本文将重点介绍最近的一些应用三维（3D）打印技术设计毫米到微米级机器人运动结构的报告。3D 打印在医学假肢和器官及组织支架方面的应用已经迅速发展，但最近已经应用于移动机器人的设计。随着对在脆弱和受限的生物环境中执行任务的设备的需求增加，开发新的微型化、生物相容性的 3D 系统至关重要。通过不同的特性在不同的尺度上制造材料，使得 3D 打印成为创建小型机器人框架的理想系统。3D 打印已应用于设计外部动力的人工微游泳者，并研究它们在不同流体中的运动能力。还将打印材料与运动细胞结合，制造能够通过细胞收缩和游动来发挥功能的生物混合机器人。这些 3D 设备为需要微型结构的生物医学应用提供了新的机器人运动方法。将讨论传统的 3D 打印方法，其中结构是通过数字设计从添加过程中制造的，以及非传统的 3D 打印方法，如光刻和模塑。
