Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2015 Aug;222:581-99. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.01.001. Epub 2015 Jan 11.
This review is addressed to the phase inversion process, which is not only a common, low-energy route to make stable emulsions for a variety of industrial products spanning from food to pharmaceuticals, but can also be an undesired effect in some applications, such as crude oil transportation in pipelines. Two main ways to induce phase inversion are described in the literature, i.e., phase inversion composition (PIC or catastrophic) and phase inversion temperature (PIT or transitional). In the former, starting from one phase (oil or water) with surfactants, the other phase is more or less gradually added until it reverts to the continuous phase. In PIT, phase inversion is driven by a temperature change without varying system composition. Given its industrial relevance and scientific challenge, phase inversion has been the subject of a number of papers in the literature, including extensive reviews. Due to the variety of applications and the complexity of the problem, most of the publications have been focused either on the phase behavior or the interfacial properties or the mixing process of the two phases. Although all these aspects are quite important in studying phase inversion and much progress has been done on this topic, a comprehensive picture is still lacking. In particular, the general mechanisms governing the inversion phenomenon have not been completely elucidated and quantitative predictions of the phase inversion point are limited to specific systems and experimental conditions. Here, we review the different approaches on phase inversion and highlight some related applications, including future and emerging perspectives.
这篇综述针对的是相转变过程，它不仅是一种常见的、低能量的方法，可以稳定各种工业产品的乳液，从食品到制药，而且在某些应用中也可能是一种不期望的效应，例如在管道中输送原油。文献中描述了两种主要的诱导相转变的方法，即相转变组成（PIC 或突发）和相转变温度（PIT 或过渡）。在前一种方法中，从一种含有表面活性剂的相（油或水）开始，或多或少逐渐加入另一种相，直到它返回到连续相。在 PIT 中，相转变是由温度变化驱动的，而不改变系统组成。鉴于其工业相关性和科学挑战性，相转变一直是文献中许多论文的主题，包括广泛的综述。由于应用的多样性和问题的复杂性，大多数出版物要么侧重于相行为，要么侧重于界面性质，要么侧重于两相的混合过程。尽管所有这些方面在研究相转变时都非常重要，并且在这个主题上已经取得了很大的进展，但仍然缺乏全面的了解。特别是，控制反转现象的一般机制尚未完全阐明，相转变点的定量预测仅限于特定的系统和实验条件。在这里，我们综述了不同的相转变方法，并强调了一些相关的应用，包括未来和新兴的视角。
