Lambie Ian, Johnston Emma
School of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
School of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2016 Jun;60(8):897-918. doi: 10.1177/0306624X14567664. Epub 2015 Jan 28.
Research has shown that child sexual abuse victims are overrepresented among sexual abuse offenders, leading to the sexually abused-sexual abuser hypothesis. However, a large proportion of child sexual abuse victims do not go on to sexually offend, and such individuals are labeled as resilient victims. Surprisingly few studies have looked at why some male victims of sexual abuse do not go on to offend. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 47 resilient men focusing on their beliefs as to why they had not gone on to sexually abuse others. Results revealed four themes for why the victims did not offend: empathy, morals, lack of sexual desire, or a combination of the previous three. In regard to the process of developing their resiliency, some participants claimed they made a conscious decision, whereas others reported the decision was an unconscious one. The various factors that were reported as contributing to the conscious or unconscious decision (becoming aware of sexual abuse, admitting the experience had happened to them, empathy, social support, and lack of sexual desire to abuse) are discussed, along with the four themes, and the implication of these results for prevention. Finally, conclusions are drawn that the victim-offender pathway is far from inevitable as most participants stated their reason for not offending was directly related to their own experience of sexual abuse victimisation.
研究表明，儿童性虐待受害者在性虐待犯罪者中所占比例过高，由此产生了性虐待受害者—性虐待施虐者假说。然而，很大一部分儿童性虐待受害者并未继续实施性犯罪，这类人被视为有复原力的受害者。令人惊讶的是，很少有研究探讨为何一些遭受性虐待的男性没有继续实施犯罪行为。对47名有复原力的男性进行了深入的定性访谈，重点关注他们对于自己为何没有对他人实施性虐待的看法。结果揭示了受害者未实施犯罪的四个主题：同理心、道德、缺乏性欲，或前三者的综合。关于他们形成复原力的过程，一些参与者称他们是有意识地做出了决定，而另一些人则表示这个决定是无意识的。本文讨论了据报告促成有意识或无意识决定的各种因素（意识到性虐待、承认自己有过这种经历、同理心、社会支持以及缺乏实施虐待的性欲），以及这四个主题，还有这些结果对预防工作的启示。最后得出的结论是，受害者—犯罪者的发展路径远非不可避免，因为大多数参与者表示他们没有实施犯罪的原因与自己遭受性虐待的经历直接相关。
