Ruiz Gallego-Largo Trinidad, Suengas Aurora G, Simón Teresa, Pastor Noelia
Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
Psicothema. 2015;27(1):26-31. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2014.148.
There is some debate over of the effect of aging on the ability to recognize previously processed information. The aim of the present study is to analyze, by means of different measurements, whether aging has differential effects on recall and recognition of visual and verbal materials.
A within-subject design was used to compare two groups of different age (younger, older) in tasks of recall and recognition of images and of the verbal descriptors exchanged in a conversation.
The results indicated that, unlike the recall and recognition of words, better in younger participants, the recall and recognition of images was equal in both groups, or even better in older participants when assessed by means of d´. Nevertheless, a more strict recently proposed measurement, the conditional probability for recall given recognition, yielded significant age differences in all instances. Besides, the conditional probability shows the aging changes usually found in the serial position curve: decline of the primacy effect, while maintenance of the recency effect.
RESULTS are explained according to the theories that postulate two components in the process of recognition (familiarity and recollection), which are independently affected by aging.
关于衰老对识别先前处理过的信息的能力的影响存在一些争议。本研究的目的是通过不同的测量方法来分析衰老是否对视觉和语言材料的回忆与识别产生不同的影响。
采用被试内设计，在图像回忆与识别任务以及对话中交换的语言描述符的回忆与识别任务中，比较两组不同年龄（年轻组、老年组）的情况。
结果表明，与单词的回忆和识别不同，年轻参与者表现更好，而图像的回忆和识别在两组中相当，或者在通过d´评估时老年参与者表现更好。然而，最近提出的一种更严格的测量方法，即给定识别情况下回忆的条件概率，在所有情况下都产生了显著的年龄差异。此外，条件概率显示了在系列位置曲线中通常发现的衰老变化：首因效应下降，而近因效应保持。
根据假设识别过程中有两个成分（熟悉度和回忆）且它们受衰老独立影响的理论来解释结果。
