氟虫腈与氯菊酯新组合对犬只身上三种蚊虫（白纹伊蚊、埃及伊蚊和致倦库蚊）的驱避及杀虫效果
Repellent and insecticidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against three mosquito species (Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens) on dogs.
作者信息
Fankhauser Becky, Dumont Pascal, Hunter James S, McCall John W, Kaufmann Christian, Mathis Alexander, Young David R, Carroll Scott P, McCall Scott, Chester S Theodore, Soll Mark D
机构信息
Merial Limited, 3239 Satellite Blvd, Duluth, GA, 30096, USA.
Merial S.A.S., 29 Av Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2015 Jan 30;8:64. doi: 10.1186/s13071-015-0691-y.
BACKGROUND
Three laboratory studies were conducted to assess the repellent and insecticidal efficacy of a combination of fipronil and permethrin (Frontline Tri- Act/Frontect) against three mosquito species (Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens) on dogs.
METHODS
In each study, 16 healthy adult dogs were allocated to two groups. Eight dogs were treated with the new topical spot-on combination of fipronil and permethrin on Day 0 and the other eight dogs served as untreated controls. Each dog was exposed to mosquitoes on Days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 (and also on Day 35 in the A. aegypti study). After a 1-h exposure period, all mosquitoes were counted and categorized as live or dead and fed or non-fed. Live mosquitoes were kept in an insectary and observed for mortality counts 4, 24 and 48 h post-exposure (PE) for Aedes spp. and 24 and 48 h PE for C. pipiens. Repellency and insecticidal efficacies were defined as the percent reduction in the number of fed and live mosquitoes, respectively, in the treated group as compared to the untreated control group.
RESULTS
Repellency against A. albopictus was ≥93.4% through Day 21 and 86.9% on Day 28. It was ≥91.0% through Day 35 against A. aegypti and ≥90.4% through Day 28 against C. pipiens. Insecticidal efficacy against A. albopictus was ≥97.1% at 24 h PE from Day 7 to Day 28. It was ≥98.0% for the first 3 weeks and still 75.7% on Day 35 against A. aegypti at 24 h PE. For C. pipiens, insecticidal efficacy ranged from 93.8% (Day 7) to 30.9% (Day 28) at 48 h PE.
CONCLUSIONS
A single topical administration of the combination of fipronil and permethrin provides repellency against mosquitoes on dogs for at least 4 weeks. The product may therefore significantly reduce the potential for the transmission of vector-borne pathogens through the inhibition of mosquito feeding, as well as the discomfort associated with mosquito bites. Moreover, mosquito mortality was induced by contact with the treated dogs, which could aid in the control of mosquitoes, and hence the control of mosquito-borne diseases, in the local vicinity of treated dogs.
背景
进行了三项实验室研究，以评估氟虫腈和氯菊酯组合制剂（福来恩三效/弗罗泰克）对犬只身上三种蚊虫（白纹伊蚊、埃及伊蚊和致倦库蚊）的驱避和杀虫效果。
方法
在每项研究中，将16只健康成年犬分为两组。8只犬在第0天接受氟虫腈和氯菊酯新的局部点滴组合制剂治疗，另外8只犬作为未治疗对照。每只犬在第1、7、14、21和28天（以及埃及伊蚊研究中的第35天）接触蚊虫。暴露1小时后，对所有蚊虫进行计数，并分类为存活或死亡、已吸血或未吸血。存活的蚊虫饲养在昆虫饲养室，在暴露后4、24和48小时对白纹伊蚊进行死亡率计数，对致倦库蚊在暴露后24和48小时进行死亡率计数。驱避和杀虫效果分别定义为与未治疗对照组相比，治疗组中已吸血和存活蚊虫数量减少的百分比。
结果
对白纹伊蚊的驱避率在第21天前≥93.4%，第28天为86.9%。对埃及伊蚊在第35天前驱避率≥91.0%，对致倦库蚊在第28天前驱避率≥90.4%。对白纹伊蚊在暴露后24小时，从第7天到第28天杀虫效果≥97.1%。对埃及伊蚊在暴露后24小时，前3周杀虫效果≥98.0%，第35天仍为75.7%。对致倦库蚊，在暴露后48小时，杀虫效果从第7天的93.8%到第28天的30.9%不等。
结论
单次局部施用氟虫腈和氯菊酯组合制剂可在至少4周内为犬只提供对蚊虫的驱避作用。因此，该产品可通过抑制蚊虫叮咬显著降低媒介传播病原体的传播可能性，以及减轻与蚊虫叮咬相关的不适。此外，接触经治疗的犬只可导致蚊虫死亡，这有助于在经治疗犬只附近控制蚊虫，从而控制蚊媒疾病。
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