Albert Katz International School, Beer-Sheva, Israel; The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands (FAAB), The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84990 Sede Boqer, Israel.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2015 Mar;88:42-52. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.01.006. Epub 2015 Jan 23.
Deficit irrigation techniques are widely used in commercial vineyards. Nevertheless, varieties respond differently to water availability, prompting the need to elucidate the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the interactions between genotypes and their environment. In the present study, the variability in berry metabolism under deficit irrigation was investigated in the field on Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS), known for their hydraulic variability. Berry skin metabolite profiling of the two cultivars was performed by parallel GC-MS and LC-MS at four development stages. Under similar irrigation, the cultivars differed in stomata regulation. In response to water deficit, CS exhibited lessened loss in berry weight and milder metabolic alteration of berry-skin primary metabolites, as compared with Shiraz. The metabolic stress responses were shown to depend on berry phenology. Characteristic metabolic changes included a decrease in amino acids and TCA cycle intermediates from veraison onward. In contrast, water deficit induced the accumulation of stress-related metabolites such as: proline, beta-alanine, raffinose, nicotinate and ascorbate, to a greater extent in Shiraz. Polyphenol metabolism in response to water stress also underwent significant changes, unique to each cultivar. Results suggest a link between the vine hydraulics and water-deficit driven changes in the berry skin metabolism, with significant consequences on the metabolic composition of the fruit.
亏缺灌溉技术在商业葡萄园中有广泛的应用。然而，不同品种对水分供应的响应不同，这就需要阐明基因型与其环境相互作用的生理和分子机制。本研究在大田条件下，以具有不同水力特征的设拉子（Shiraz）和赤霞珠（Cabernet Sauvignon，CS）为试材，研究了亏缺灌溉下浆果代谢的变化。在四个发育阶段，采用 GC-MS 和 LC-MS 平行分析了两个品种的浆果果皮代谢物。在相似的灌溉条件下，两个品种的气孔调节存在差异。与 Shiraz 相比，CS 在水分亏缺下表现出浆果重量减轻较少和浆果皮初级代谢物代谢变化较温和。代谢应激反应取决于浆果物候期。特征性的代谢变化包括从转色期开始氨基酸和 TCA 循环中间产物的减少。相比之下，水分亏缺诱导胁迫相关代谢物如脯氨酸、β-丙氨酸、棉子糖、烟酸和抗坏血酸在 Shiraz 中大量积累。多酚代谢对水分胁迫也发生了显著变化，每个品种都有其独特的变化。研究结果表明，葡萄的水力特性与水分亏缺驱动的浆果皮代谢变化之间存在联系，这对果实的代谢组成有重要影响。
