Amadeo Brice, Robert Céline, Rondeau Virginie, Mounouchy Marie-Alice, Cordeau Lucie, Birembaux Xavier, Citadelle Eddy, Gotin Jacques, Gouranton Monique, Marcin Gérard, Laurac David, Raherison Chantal
ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
BMC Public Health. 2015 Jan 31;15:45. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1382-5.
High levels of asthma prevalence and severity of respiratory symptoms have been found in the Caribbean but little is known about the impact of air pollution in these regions. This study aimed to describe air pollution and measure the associations with child lung function in Guadeloupe (French West Indies).
Data from 30 randomly chosen elementary schools (8-13 years old) were obtained using a standardized protocol adapted from the ISAAC2 study. We considered two health outcomes: peak expiratory flow (PEF) before running and the variation in peak expiratory flow (ΔPEF) after running. The associations between pollutants and outcomes were investigated using several air pollution exposure models: i) medium-term exposure to close-proximity pollution both indoor and outdoor for ozone (O₃) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and ii) short- and medium-term exposure to background pollution for O₃, NO₂, sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and small particulate matter (PM10).
Of 1,463 children, 277 (16%) were found to have asthma. A 1-μg/m3 increase in medium-term exposure to outdoor close-proximity pollution by O₃ was associated with a PEF decrease (β = -0.32; 95% CI: -0.61;-0.03). No association was found with NO₂ regarding close-proximity pollution. The association between medium-term exposure to background pollution and PEF decrease was stronger in asthmatic children than in non-asthmatic children for O₃. No reduction in PEF or ΔPEF was shown with NO₂, SO₂ and PM₁₀ pollutants but a significant association was found between PM₁₀ and PEF increase.
Our results suggest that O₃ could have an acute effect on child lung function in the Caribbean even at a low concentration (below the WHO guidelines). Further research in the Caribbean is needed to confirm these findings.
加勒比地区哮喘患病率和呼吸道症状严重程度较高，但人们对这些地区空气污染的影响知之甚少。本研究旨在描述瓜德罗普岛（法属西印度群岛）的空气污染情况，并测量其与儿童肺功能的关联。
采用从国际儿童哮喘及变应性疾病研究（ISAAC2）改编的标准化方案，获取了30所随机选取的小学（8至13岁）的数据。我们考虑了两个健康指标：跑步前的呼气峰值流速（PEF）和跑步后的呼气峰值流速变化（ΔPEF）。使用几种空气污染暴露模型研究了污染物与指标之间的关联：i）臭氧（O₃）和二氧化氮（NO₂）在室内和室外近距离污染的中期暴露；ii）O₃、NO₂、二氧化硫（SO₂）和细颗粒物（PM10）的背景污染短期和中期暴露。
在1463名儿童中，发现277名（16%）患有哮喘。中期室外近距离O₃污染暴露每增加1μg/m³，与PEF降低相关（β = -0.32；95%置信区间：-0.61；-0.03）。对于近距离污染，未发现与NO₂有关联。对于O₃，哮喘儿童中期背景污染暴露与PEF降低之间的关联比非哮喘儿童更强。NO₂、SO₂和PM₁₀污染物未显示PEF或ΔPEF降低，但发现PM₁₀与PEF增加之间存在显著关联。
我们的结果表明，即使在低浓度（低于世界卫生组织指南）下，O₃也可能对加勒比地区儿童肺功能产生急性影响。需要在加勒比地区进行进一步研究以证实这些发现。
