Gell Nancy M, Rosenberg Dori E, Carlson Jordan, Kerr Jacqueline, Belza Basia
Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Disabil Health J. 2015 Apr;8(2):290-5. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2014.12.002. Epub 2014 Dec 23.
Understanding factors which may promote walking in mid-life and older adults with mobility impairments is key given the association between physical activity and positive health outcomes.
To examine the relationship between active trips and objective measures of the home neighborhood built environment.
Global positioning systems (GPS) data collected on 28 adults age 50+ with mobility disabilities were analyzed for active trips from home. Objective and geographic information systems (GIS) derived measures included Walk Score, population density, street connectivity, crime rates, and slope within the home neighborhood. For this cross-sectional observational study, we conducted mean comparisons between participants who took active trips from home and those who did not for the objective measures. Effect sizes were calculated to assess the magnitude of group differences.
Nine participants (32%) took active trips from home. Walking in the home neighborhood was significantly associated with GIS derived measures (Walk Score, population density, and street density; effect sizes 0.9-1.2). Participants who used the home neighborhood for active trips had less slope within 1 km of home but the difference was not significant (73.5 m ± 22 vs. 100.8 m ± 38.1, p = 0.06, d = 0.8). There were no statistically significant differences in mean scores for crime rates between those with active trips from home and those without.
The findings provide preliminary evidence that more walkable environments promote active mobility among mid-life and older adults with mobility disabilities. The data suggest that this population can and does use active transportation modes when the built environment is supportive.
鉴于身体活动与积极的健康结果之间存在关联，了解可能促进中年及老年行动不便者行走的因素至关重要。
研究主动出行与家庭邻里建成环境的客观指标之间的关系。
分析了收集到的28名50岁及以上行动不便成年人的全球定位系统（GPS）数据，以确定其从家出发的主动出行情况。通过客观测量和地理信息系统（GIS）得出的指标包括步行指数、人口密度、街道连通性、犯罪率以及家庭邻里范围内的坡度。对于这项横断面观察性研究，我们对从家出发进行主动出行的参与者和未进行主动出行的参与者的客观测量指标进行了均值比较。计算效应量以评估组间差异的大小。
9名参与者（32%）从家出发进行了主动出行。在家庭邻里范围内行走与GIS得出的指标（步行指数、人口密度和街道密度；效应量为0.9 - 1.2）显著相关。在家附近进行主动出行的参与者在离家1公里范围内的坡度较小，但差异不显著（73.5米±22米与100.8米±38.1米，p = 0.06，d = 0.8）。从家出发进行主动出行的参与者和未进行主动出行的参与者之间，犯罪率的平均得分没有统计学上的显著差异。
研究结果提供了初步证据，表明更适宜步行的环境可促进中年及老年行动不便者的主动出行。数据表明，当建成环境有利时，这一人群能够且确实会使用主动交通方式。
