Seguin-Fowler Rebecca A, LaCroix Andrea Z, LaMonte Michael J, Liu Jingmin, Maddock Jason E, Rethorst Chad D, Bird Chloe E, Stefanick Marcia L, Manson JoAnn E
Institute for Advancing Health through Agriculture 1500 Research Parkway, Centeq Building B, College Station, TX 77845, United States.
Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, Division of Epidemiology University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr #0725, La Jolla, CA, 92161 United States.
Prev Med Rep. 2022 Jul 28;29:101931. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101931. eCollection 2022 Oct.
The built environment can influence physical activity behavior. Walk Score is a widely used measure of the neighborhood built environment to support walking. However, studies of the association between Walk Score and accelerometer-measured physical activity are equivocal and no studies have examined this relationship among older adults. We analyzed data from a large, diverse sample of women (n = 5650) with a mean age of 79.5 (SD = 6.7) at time of accelerometry wear in the Women's Health Initiative Objective Physical Activity Cardiovascular Health Study in the United States to examine associations between neighborhood Street Smart Walk Score (SSWS) and accelerometer-measured physical activity. Participants wore triaxial accelerometers for seven days and SSWS was determined from home addresses. 67 % of the sample lived in "car-dependent" locations (SSWS 0-49 out of 100); only 3 % lived in "walker's paradise" locations (SSWS 90-100). The multivariable model indicated an association between SSWS and accelerometer-measured physical activity (steps/day) in the total sample. The association varied by neighborhood socioeconomic status; in high socioeconomic status neighborhoods, higher SWSS was associated with greater steps per day, while no significant association between SWSS and physical activity was observed in low socioeconomic neighborhoods. This study should catalyze furtherresearch regarding the utility of SSWS in determining neighborhood walkability for older women across different neighborhood settings and suggests other built environment factors must be considered when determining walkability. Future studies should examine what factors influence walkability and develop age-relevant methods to assess and characterize neighborhood walkability.
建成环境会影响身体活动行为。步行评分是一种广泛用于衡量支持步行的邻里建成环境的指标。然而，关于步行评分与通过加速度计测量的身体活动之间关联的研究尚无定论，且尚无研究考察老年人中的这种关系。我们在美国女性健康倡议客观身体活动心血管健康研究中，分析了一个大型、多样化的女性样本（n = 5650）的数据，这些女性在佩戴加速度计测量身体活动时的平均年龄为79.5岁（标准差 = 6.7），以检验邻里街道智能步行评分（SSWS）与通过加速度计测量的身体活动之间的关联。参与者佩戴三轴加速度计七天，并根据家庭住址确定SSWS。67%的样本居住在“依赖汽车”的地区（SSWS为0至49分，满分100分）；只有3%居住在“步行者的天堂”地区（SSWS为90至100分）。多变量模型表明，在整个样本中，SSWS与通过加速度计测量的身体活动（每天步数）之间存在关联。这种关联因邻里社会经济地位而异；在高社会经济地位的邻里中，较高的SWSS与每天更多的步数相关，而在低社会经济地位的邻里中，未观察到SWSS与身体活动之间存在显著关联。这项研究应促使进一步研究SSWS在确定不同邻里环境中老年女性的邻里步行适宜性方面的效用，并表明在确定步行适宜性时必须考虑其他建成环境因素。未来的研究应考察哪些因素影响步行适宜性，并开发与年龄相关的方法来评估和描述邻里步行适宜性。
