Agarwal Akriti, Prajapati Rajmani, Singh Om Pal, Raza S K, Thakur L K
Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Government of India, Sector-20, Udyog Vihar, Gurgaon, 122016, Haryana, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2015 Feb;187(2):54. doi: 10.1007/s10661-015-4287-y. Epub 2015 Feb 1.
Modern agriculture practices reveal an increase in use of pesticides to meet the food demand of increasing population which results in contamination of the environment. In India, crop production increased to 100 %, but the cropping area has increased marginally by 20 %. Pesticides have played a major role in achieving the maximum crop production but maximum usage and accumulation of pesticide residues is highly detrimental to aquatic and other ecosystem. Pesticide residues in drinking water have become a major challenge over the last few years. It has been monitored in public water supply resources in National capital territory, i.e., Delhi. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), mainly isomers of hexachlorohexane (HCH), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), endosulphan, endrin, aldrin, dieldrin, and heptachlore, were identified from potable water samples. Results suggested that continuous consumption of contaminated water can pose severe health threats to local residents of this area. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Delhi, had found α and β isomers of endosulphan residues in the Yamuna river. High concentrations of γ-HCH (0.259 μg/l) and malathion (2.618 μg/l) were detected in the surface water samples collected from the river Ganga in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh (UP). High concentration of methyl parathion, endosulfan, and DDT were observed in water samples collected from the river at Bhagalpur, Bihar. The Industrial Toxicology Research Centre (ITRC), Lucknow (UP) study also found 0.5671 ppb concentrations of endosulfan in the river at Allahabad, UP. Similar results were found in other water samples in India.
现代农业实践表明，为满足不断增长的人口对粮食的需求，农药的使用量有所增加，这导致了环境污染。在印度，作物产量增长了100%，但种植面积仅略有增加，为20%。农药在实现作物高产方面发挥了重要作用，但农药残留的大量使用和积累对水生生态系统及其他生态系统极为有害。在过去几年中，饮用水中的农药残留已成为一项重大挑战。在首都德里的公共供水资源中已对此进行了监测。从饮用水样本中检测出了有机氯农药（OCPs），主要是六氯环己烷（HCH）的异构体、滴滴涕（DDT）、硫丹、异狄氏剂、艾氏剂、狄氏剂和七氯。结果表明，持续饮用受污染的水会对该地区的当地居民构成严重的健康威胁。德里中央污染控制委员会（CPCB）在亚穆纳河中发现了硫丹残留的α和β异构体。在北方邦坎普尔市从恒河采集的地表水样本中检测出高浓度的γ-六氯环己烷（0.259μg/l）和马拉硫磷（2.618μg/l）。在比哈尔邦巴格布尔市从河中采集的水样中观察到高浓度的甲基对硫磷、硫丹和滴滴涕。勒克瑙（北方邦）的工业毒理学研究中心（ITRC）的研究还发现北方邦阿拉哈巴德市的河中硫丹浓度为0.5671ppb。在印度的其他水样中也发现了类似结果。
