Kurpas Donata, Piotrowski Patryk, Marciniak Doininik, Kasprzak Maja, MroczekS Bożena, Nitsch-Osuchi Aneta, Kasssolik Krzysztof, Karakiewicz Beata, Bielska Dorota, Kiejna Andrzej
Psychiatr Pol. 2014 Sep-Oct;48(5):941-60. doi: 10.12740/pp/22144.
The purposes of our study were to determine the level of total social support, informational support, instrumental support, appraisal support and emotional support received by patients of primary care as well as factors related to this level with reference to health status and sociodemographic variables.
The sample for current analysis included 516 patients of primary care clinics in Poland cooperating with medical universities. Questionnaires: STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), SCL-90 (Symptom Checklist-90), EPQ-R (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised), GHQ (General Health Questionnaire)and SSS (Social Support Scale)were used in the study. Results from last two questionnaires are presented in the paper.
The highest mean levels were obtained for instrumental support, while the lowest levels were observed for emotional support. The highest means were indicated in the GHQ-28-social dysfunction, the lowest-GHQ-severe depression. Statistically significant relation was found between the level of social support and gender. Less subjectively evaluated total social support as well as instrumental and appraisal support were obtained by women. The highest Spearman score was found in the case of total GHQ-28 score, somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, severe depression and total support. Taking into account the ANOVA findings, it was observed that an increasing GHQ score was associated with intensively increasing emotional support, informative support, appraisal support and the most- instrumental support.
The results display the underestimated role of emotional, informational and appraisal support and the overestimated role of instrumental support in primary care. The consequence may be a more frequent using health care accompanied by low level of patients' satisfaction, severity of social dysfunction disorders, particularly in patients with chronic diseases, who constitute an increasingly large group of primary health care.
我们研究的目的是确定初级保健患者所获得的社会支持总量、信息支持、工具性支持、评价支持和情感支持水平，以及参照健康状况和社会人口统计学变量，与该水平相关的因素。
本次分析的样本包括波兰与医科大学合作的初级保健诊所的516名患者。研究中使用了问卷调查：状态-特质焦虑量表（STAI）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）、艾森克人格问卷修订版（EPQ-R）、一般健康问卷（GHQ）和社会支持量表（SSS）。本文呈现了最后两份问卷的结果。
工具性支持的平均水平最高，而情感支持的水平最低。在一般健康问卷-28社会功能障碍方面得分最高，在一般健康问卷-严重抑郁方面得分最低。发现社会支持水平与性别之间存在统计学上的显著关系。女性获得的主观评价的社会支持总量以及工具性支持和评价支持较少。在一般健康问卷-28总分、躯体症状、焦虑和失眠、严重抑郁和总支持方面，斯皮尔曼得分最高。考虑到方差分析的结果，观察到一般健康问卷得分的增加与情感支持、信息支持、评价支持以及工具性支持的显著增加相关。
结果显示在初级保健中，情感、信息和评价支持的作用被低估，而工具性支持的作用被高估。其后果可能是更频繁地使用医疗保健，同时患者满意度较低，社会功能障碍疾病严重，特别是在慢性病患者中，他们在初级卫生保健人群中所占比例越来越大。
