De Falco Maria, Lucariello Angela, Iaquinto Salvatore, Esposito Vincenzo, Guerra Germano, De Luca Antonio
Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Rome, Italy.
J Cell Physiol. 2015 Aug;230(8):1702-7. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24933.
Helicobacter pylori infects 50% of mankind. The vast majority of H. pylori infection occurs in the developing countries where up to 80% of the middle-aged adults may be infected. Bacterial infection causes an inflammatory response that proceeds through a series of intermediated stages of precancerous lesions (gastritis, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia). Among infected individuals, approximately 10% develops severe gastric lesions such as peptic ulcer disease, 1-3% progresses to gastric cancer (GC) with a low 5-year survival rate, and 0.1% develops mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). GC is one of the most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In this review, we have summarized the most recent papers about molecular mechanisms of H. pylori pathogenesis. The main important steps of H. pylori infection such as adhesion, entry in epithelial gastric cells, activation of intracellular pathways until epigenetic modifications have been described.
幽门螺杆菌感染了全球50%的人口。绝大多数幽门螺杆菌感染发生在发展中国家，那里高达80%的中年成年人可能受到感染。细菌感染会引发炎症反应，该反应会经历一系列癌前病变的中间阶段（胃炎、萎缩、肠化生和发育异常）。在受感染个体中，约10%会发展为严重的胃部病变，如消化性溃疡病，1%-3%会进展为胃癌（GC），其5年生存率较低，还有0.1%会发展为黏膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）淋巴瘤。胃癌是最常见的癌症之一，也是全球癌症相关死亡的第三大主要原因。在本综述中，我们总结了关于幽门螺杆菌致病分子机制的最新论文。文中描述了幽门螺杆菌感染的主要重要步骤，如黏附、进入胃上皮细胞、激活细胞内信号通路直至表观遗传修饰。
