Fa Julia E, Olivero Jesús, Real Raimundo, Farfán Miguel A, Márquez Ana L, Vargas J Mario, Ziegler Stefan, Wegmann Martin, Brown David, Margetts Barrie, Nasi Robert
ICCS, Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK.
Grupo de Biogeografía, Diversidad y Conservación, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2015 Feb 2;5:8168. doi: 10.1038/srep08168.
We studied links between human malnutrition and wild meat availability within the Rainforest Biotic Zone in central Africa. We distinguished two distinct hunted mammalian diversity distributions, one in the rainforest areas (Deep Rainforest Diversity, DRD) containing taxa of lower hunting sustainability, the other in the northern rainforest-savanna mosaic, with species of greater hunting potential (Marginal Rainforest Diversity, MRD). Wild meat availability, assessed by standing crop mammalian biomass, was greater in MRD than in DRD areas. Predicted bushmeat extraction was also higher in MRD areas. Despite this, stunting of children, a measure of human malnutrition, was greater in MRD areas. Structural equation modeling identified that, in MRD areas, mammal diversity fell away from urban areas, but proximity to these positively influenced higher stunting incidence. In DRD areas, remoteness and distance from dense human settlements and infrastructures explained lower stunting levels. Moreover, stunting was higher away from protected areas. Our results suggest that in MRD areas, forest wildlife rational use for better human nutrition is possible. By contrast, the relatively low human populations in DRD areas currently offer abundant opportunities for the continued protection of more vulnerable mammals and allow dietary needs of local populations to be met.
我们研究了中非雨林生物区内人类营养不良与野生动物肉供应之间的联系。我们区分了两种不同的被捕猎哺乳动物多样性分布，一种在雨林地区（深层雨林多样性，DRD），包含狩猎可持续性较低的类群，另一种在北部雨林 - 稀树草原镶嵌区域，具有更大的狩猎潜力（边缘雨林多样性，MRD）。通过现存哺乳动物生物量评估的野生动物肉供应量，MRD地区比DRD地区更大。预计MRD地区的野味捕获量也更高。尽管如此，作为人类营养不良衡量指标的儿童发育迟缓情况在MRD地区更为严重。结构方程模型表明，在MRD地区，哺乳动物多样性从城市地区向外减少，但靠近城市对更高的发育迟缓发生率有正向影响。在DRD地区，远离密集人类住区和基础设施解释了较低的发育迟缓水平。此外，远离保护区的地方发育迟缓情况更严重。我们的研究结果表明，在MRD地区，合理利用森林野生动物以改善人类营养是可行的。相比之下，DRD地区相对较少的人口目前为持续保护更多易危哺乳动物提供了充足机会，并能满足当地居民的饮食需求。
