地震后避难场所的选址标准：一项系统综述
Site selection criteria for sheltering after earthquakes: a systematic review.
作者信息
Soltani Ahmad, Ardalan Ali, Darvishi Boloorani Ali, Haghdoost AliAkbar, Hosseinzadeh-Attar Mohammad Javad
机构信息
Department of Disaster Public Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Disaster & Emergency Health, Iran's National Institute of Health Research; Department of Disaster Public Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
出版信息
PLoS Curr. 2014 Aug 29;6:ecurrents.dis.17ad1f98fb85be80785d0a81ced6a7a6. doi: 10.1371/currents.dis.17ad1f98fb85be80785d0a81ced6a7a6.
OBJECTIVE
Proper shelter site selection is necessary for long-term welfare of earthquake affected people. This study aims to explore the criteria that need to be considered after earthquakes.
METHODS
Through a systematic review, 273 articles found that were published till April 2014. Among these, seven articles have been selected and analyzed for the criteria that they introduced for sheltering site selection after earthquakes.
RESULTS
Out of 27 proposed criteria, accessibility and proximity to homes of affected people were stressed in all the papers. Moreover, seven other criteria were the same in most of the papers including suitable size, suitable distance from hazardous areas, geological hazards and land slope, suitable distance from medical centers, water supply and Security. We categorized all the mentioned criteria in six main categories. Size and location, disaster risk reduction, relief and rescue facilities, feasibility of the site, environmental and social aspects are the main categories.
CONCLUSION
Selection and applying proper criteria for shelter site selection after earthquakes is a multi-disciplinary task. The decision needs relevant models and/or tools. Geographic Information System (GIS) is a useful tool for this purpose. Key words: Disaster, earthquake, shelter, site selection, systematic review.
目的
为了地震受灾群众的长期福祉，选择合适的避难场所至关重要。本研究旨在探索地震后需要考虑的标准。
方法
通过系统综述，截至2014年4月共检索到273篇已发表文章。其中，选取了7篇文章并分析了它们所提出的地震后避难场所选址标准。
结果
在27条提出的标准中，所有论文都强调了可达性以及与受灾群众住所的距离。此外，大多数论文中还有其他7条相同的标准，包括合适的规模、与危险区域的合适距离、地质灾害和土地坡度、与医疗中心的合适距离、供水和安全性。我们将所有提及的标准归为六大类。规模和位置、减灾、救援设施、场地可行性、环境和社会方面是主要类别。
结论
为地震后避难场所选址选择并应用合适的标准是一项多学科任务。该决策需要相关模型和/或工具。地理信息系统（GIS）是用于此目的的有用工具。关键词：灾害；地震；避难所；选址；系统综述。
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