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用于太阳能光捕获与转换的介观光系统:金属卤化物钙钛矿的简便可逆转变

Mesoscopic photosystems for solar light harvesting and conversion: facile and reversible transformation of metal-halide perovskites.

作者信息

Harms Hauke Arne, Tétreault Nicolas, Pellet Norman, Bensimon Michaël, Grätzel Michael

机构信息

Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces (LPI), Faculty of Basic Science, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.

出版信息

Faraday Discuss. 2014;176:251-69. doi: 10.1039/c4fd00160e. Epub 2015 Feb 3.

Abstract

Recently, hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites have gained prominence as potent light harvesters in thin film solid-state photovoltaics. In particular the solar-to-electric power conversion efficiency (PCE) of devices using CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3) as sensitizer has increased from 3 to 20.1% within only a few years. This key material can be prepared by solution processing from PbI(2) and CH(3)NH(3)I in one step or by sequential deposition. In the latter case an electron capturing support such as TiO(2) is first covered with PbI(2), which upon exposure to a CH(3)NH(3)I solution is converted to the perovskite. Here we apply for the first time quartz crystal microbalance (QCMD) measurements in conjunction with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to analyse the dynamics of the conversion of PbI(2) to CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3). Employing 200 nm thick PbI(2) films as substrates we discover that the CH(3)NH(3)I insertion in the PbI(2) is reversible, with the extraction into the solvent isopropanol occurring on the same time scale of seconds as the intercalation process. This offers an explanation for the strikingly rapid and facile exchange of halide ions in CH(3)NH(3)PbX(3) by solution processing at room temperature.

摘要

最近,有机-无机杂化金属卤化物钙钛矿作为薄膜固态光伏电池中高效的光捕获材料而备受关注。特别是以CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3)作为敏化剂的器件,其太阳能到电能的转换效率(PCE)在短短几年内从3%提高到了20.1%。这种关键材料可以通过一步法将PbI(2)和CH(3)NH(3)I进行溶液处理制备,也可以通过顺序沉积法制备。在后一种情况下,首先用PbI(2)覆盖电子捕获载体,如TiO(2),当暴露于CH(3)NH(3)I溶液时,PbI(2)会转化为钙钛矿。在此,我们首次将石英晶体微天平(QCMD)测量与X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜结合起来,以分析PbI(2)转化为CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3)的动力学过程。以200 nm厚的PbI(2)薄膜作为基底,我们发现CH(3)NH(3)I插入PbI(2)的过程是可逆的,其向溶剂异丙醇中的萃取过程与嵌入过程在相同的秒级时间尺度上发生。这为室温下通过溶液处理在CH(3)NH(3)PbX(3)中卤离子的快速且容易的交换提供了解释。

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