School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2016 Feb 7;45(3):655-89. doi: 10.1039/c4cs00458b.
Organic and inorganic hybrid perovskites (e.g., CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3)), with advantages of facile processing, tunable bandgaps, and superior charge-transfer properties, have emerged as a new class of revolutionary optoelectronic semiconductors promising for various applications. Perovskite solar cells constructed with a variety of configurations have demonstrated unprecedented progress in efficiency, reaching about 20% from multiple groups after only several years of active research. A key to this success is the development of various solution-synthesis and film-deposition techniques for controlling the morphology and composition of hybrid perovskites. The rapid progress in material synthesis and device fabrication has also promoted the development of other optoelectronic applications including light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and transistors. Both experimental and theoretical investigations on organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have enabled some critical fundamental understandings of this material system. Recent studies have also demonstrated progress in addressing the potential stability issue, which has been identified as a main challenge for future research on halide perovskites. Here, we review recent progress on hybrid perovskites including basic chemical and crystal structures, chemical synthesis of bulk/nanocrystals and thin films with their chemical and physical properties, device configurations, operation principles for various optoelectronic applications (with a focus on solar cells), and photophysics of charge-carrier dynamics. We also discuss the importance of further understanding of the fundamental properties of hybrid perovskites, especially those related to chemical and structural stabilities.
有机-无机杂化钙钛矿（例如，CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3)）具有易于加工、可调带隙和优异的电荷转移特性等优点，已成为一类新型的革命性光电半导体材料，有望应用于各种领域。采用各种结构构建的钙钛矿太阳能电池在效率方面取得了前所未有的进展，经过几年的积极研究，多个研究小组的效率已达到约 20%。这一成功的关键在于开发了各种溶液合成和薄膜沉积技术，以控制杂化钙钛矿的形态和组成。材料合成和器件制造的快速进展也推动了其他光电应用的发展，包括发光二极管、光电探测器和晶体管。对有机-无机杂化钙钛矿的实验和理论研究使人们对这种材料体系有了一些关键性的基本认识。最近的研究还表明，在解决潜在的稳定性问题方面取得了进展，该问题已被确定为卤化物钙钛矿未来研究的主要挑战。在此，我们综述了杂化钙钛矿的最新进展，包括其基本化学和晶体结构、体相/纳米晶体的化学合成以及薄膜的化学和物理性质、器件结构、各种光电应用（重点是太阳能电池）的工作原理以及载流子动力学的光物理。我们还讨论了进一步了解杂化钙钛矿基本性质的重要性，特别是与化学和结构稳定性相关的性质。
