Clouard Caroline, Gerrits Walter J J, van Kerkhof Ilse, Smink Willem, Bolhuis J Elizabeth
Adaptation Physiology Group and.
Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
J Nutr. 2015 Feb;145(2):358-64. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.199448. Epub 2014 Nov 26.
Growing evidence suggests that the dietary ratio of linoleic acid (LA) to α-linolenic acid (ALA), the precursors of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively, may affect behavior in mammals.
This study aimed at evaluating the impact of dietary LA and ALA intake on behaviors of growing pigs, a pertinent model for human nutrition.
At 7 wk of age, 32 pigs were allocated to 4 dietary treatments varying in daily intake of LA (1.3 and 2.6 g · kg body weight(-0.75) · d(-1) for low- and high-LA groups, respectively) and ALA (0.15 and 1.5 g · kg body weight(-0.75) · d(-1) for low- and high-ALA groups, respectively) for 4 wk. Between days 12 and 18, general behavior in the home pen was observed and pigs were subjected to an open field and novel object test. At 11 wk of age, brain fatty acid composition was analyzed.
Compared with high LA intake, low LA intake increased the time spent on exploration, particularly nosing in the home pen (P < 0.05) and the open field (P < 0.05), and tended to reduce the time spent lying with eyes open in the home pen (P = 0.09). Time spent lying with eyes open also tended to be affected by the interaction between LA and ALA (P = 0.08). A high-LA/high-ALA intake (ratio of 2; P < 0.05) and a low-LA/high-ALA intake (ratio of 1; P = 0.06) decreased the latency to approach the novel object compared with a low-LA/low-ALA intake (ratio of 9). DHA in the frontal cortex was positively correlated with exploratory behaviors in the home pen (rs = 0.56, P < 0.01), whereas AA was negatively correlated with time spent lying with eyes closed (rs = -0.48, P < 0.01).
Low LA intake and a low dietary LA:ALA ratio increased exploration and decreased anxiety-related behaviors in pigs. It is suggested that changes in brain DHA and AA induced by dietary LA and ALA intake mediate these behavioral changes.
越来越多的证据表明，分别作为花生四烯酸（AA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）前体的亚油酸（LA）与α-亚麻酸（ALA）的饮食比例，可能会影响哺乳动物的行为。
本研究旨在评估日粮中LA和ALA摄入量对生长猪行为的影响，生长猪是人类营养研究的一个相关模型。
32头猪在7周龄时被分配到4种日粮处理组，分别给予不同的LA（低LA组和高LA组分别为1.3和2.6 g·kg体重（-0.75）·d（-1））和ALA（低ALA组和高ALA组分别为0.15和1.5 g·kg体重（-0.75）·d（-1））摄入量，持续4周。在第12天至18天期间，观察家栏内的一般行为，并对猪进行旷场试验和新物体试验。在11周龄时，分析脑脂肪酸组成。
与高LA摄入量相比，低LA摄入量增加了探索时间，特别是在家栏内（P<0.05）和旷场试验中的嗅探时间（P<0.05），并倾向于减少在家栏内睁眼躺卧的时间（P=0.09）。睁眼躺卧时间也倾向于受LA和ALA之间相互作用的影响（P=0.08）。与低LA/低ALA摄入量（比例为9）相比，高LA/高ALA摄入量（比例为2；P<0.05）和低LA/高ALA摄入量（比例为1；P=0.06）缩短了接近新物体的潜伏期。额叶皮质中的DHA与家栏内的探索行为呈正相关（rs=0.56，P<0.01），而AA与闭眼躺卧时间呈负相关（rs=-0.48，P<0.01）。
低LA摄入量和低日粮LA:ALA比例增加了猪的探索行为并减少了焦虑相关行为。提示日粮中LA和ALA摄入量引起的脑DHA和AA变化介导了这些行为变化。
