Walther Sebastian, Stegmayer Katharina, Sulzbacher Jeanne, Vanbellingen Tim, Müri René, Strik Werner, Bohlhalter Stephan
University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland;
Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Center, Kantonsspital Luzern, Luzern, Switzerland;
Schizophr Bull. 2015 Mar;41(2):338-45. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbu222. Epub 2015 Feb 1.
Schizophrenia patients are severely impaired in nonverbal communication, including social perception and gesture production. However, the impact of nonverbal social perception on gestural behavior remains unknown, as is the contribution of negative symptoms, working memory, and abnormal motor behavior. Thus, the study tested whether poor nonverbal social perception was related to impaired gesture performance, gestural knowledge, or motor abnormalities. Forty-six patients with schizophrenia (80%), schizophreniform (15%), or schizoaffective disorder (5%) and 44 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and education were included. Participants completed 4 tasks on nonverbal communication including nonverbal social perception, gesture performance, gesture recognition, and tool use. In addition, they underwent comprehensive clinical and motor assessments. Patients presented impaired nonverbal communication in all tasks compared with controls. Furthermore, in contrast to controls, performance in patients was highly correlated between tasks, not explained by supramodal cognitive deficits such as working memory. Schizophrenia patients with impaired gesture performance also demonstrated poor nonverbal social perception, gestural knowledge, and tool use. Importantly, motor/frontal abnormalities negatively mediated the strong association between nonverbal social perception and gesture performance. The factors negative symptoms and antipsychotic dosage were unrelated to the nonverbal tasks. The study confirmed a generalized nonverbal communication deficit in schizophrenia. Specifically, the findings suggested that nonverbal social perception in schizophrenia has a relevant impact on gestural impairment beyond the negative influence of motor/frontal abnormalities.
精神分裂症患者在非言语交流方面存在严重障碍,包括社会认知和手势表达。然而,非言语社会认知对手势行为的影响尚不清楚,阴性症状、工作记忆和异常运动行为的作用也不明确。因此,本研究测试了非言语社会认知能力差是否与手势表现受损、手势知识或运动异常有关。研究纳入了46例精神分裂症患者(80%)、精神分裂症样障碍患者(15%)或分裂情感性障碍患者(5%)以及44名年龄、性别和教育程度相匹配的健康对照者。参与者完成了4项非言语交流任务——包括非言语社会认知、手势表现、手势识别和工具使用。此外,他们还接受了全面的临床和运动评估。与对照组相比,患者在所有任务中均表现出非言语交流受损。此外,与对照组不同,患者在各任务中的表现高度相关,这不能用工作记忆等超模态认知缺陷来解释。手势表现受损的精神分裂症患者在非言语社会认知、手势知识和工具使用方面也表现较差。重要的是,运动/额叶异常对非言语社会认知与手势表现之间的强关联起到了负向中介作用。阴性症状和抗精神病药物剂量与非言语任务无关。该研究证实了精神分裂症患者存在普遍的非言语交流缺陷。具体而言,研究结果表明,精神分裂症患者的非言语社会认知对手势障碍有相关影响,这种影响超出了运动/额叶异常的负面影响。